《尚书·秦誓》与早期秦国礼乐政治

Qin Oath in Shang Shu and the Ritual and Music Politics of Early Qin State

《秦誓》与“穆公之霸”有关,是穆公“遂霸西戎”之后用于秦宗庙的仪式文本。此篇短短二百多字,既有批判和自省,亦流露出造就强盛秦国的成就感,又见文化担当的责任感。其言说指向是省思国君应该如何正确对待和任用人才,以达成国家治理的完善。《秦誓》标志着穆公时期秦国学习周礼的巨大成就,可视为早期秦国政治文化发展的总结性文本。早期秦国诗书礼乐建设的成功,证明西周礼乐政治对“非我族类”的强大吸引力及其所赋有的文化改造功能。《尚书·秦誓》和《诗·秦风》共同体现了早期秦国在诗书礼乐法度方面的成果,意味着秦国在未来本有可能继续礼乐政治的道路。

Qin Oath is related to the“hegemony of Mu Gong”,which is used for the rituals in Qin‘s ancester Temple after Mu Gong"conquered the Western barbarians".This short article of more than 200 words,not only criticizes and introspects,but also reveals the sense of achievement in creating a strong Qin State,and also sees the sense of cultural responsibility.The point of his words is to reflect on how the king should treat and appoint talents correctly in order to achieve the perfection of national governance.Qin Oath marks the great achievement of Qin State in learning Zhou rites during the Mu Gong period,and can be regarded as the summary text of the political and cultural development of Qin state in the early period.The success of the construction of poetry,books,rites and music in the early Qin State proves that the politics of rites and music in the Western Zhou Dynasty has a strong attraction to"alien ethnic state"and its cultural transformation function.Qin Oath in Shang Shu and Qin Songs in the Book of Songs jointly reflect the achievements of the early Qin state in the aspects of poetry,ritual,music and law,which means that Qin State might continue the road of ritual and music politics in the future.