基于模型标定的重型卡车座椅动态舒适性仿真研究

Simulation of dynamic comfort of heavy duty truck seat based on model calibration

为了减轻重型卡车驾驶员的疲劳,增加了减振机构来提高座椅的动态舒适性。提出一种基于模型标定的座椅动态舒适性研究方法。首先通过台架试验得到了空气弹簧的刚度和阻尼器的阻尼参数。然后对座椅进行模态试验和传递率特性试验,获得座椅模态频率与传递率信息,采用迭代寻参的方法确定连接部位的刚度和阻尼参数,从而建立准确的有限元模型。最后进行模态、传递率和随机振动仿真分析,通过仿真结果评估座椅动态舒适性。结果表明,仿真与试验的模态频率误差小于3%,传递率峰值误差小于10%,且该座椅固有频率与人体敏感频率不重合,座椅在非共振频率段的传递率较小。降低共振频率下传递率的波峰值与响应点的均方根加速度值可以提高座椅的动态舒适性。

In order to reduce the fatigue of drivers in heavy duty trucks,a damping mechanism was added to improve the dynamic seat comfort.A dynamic comfort analysis method based on model calibration was proposed.Firstly,the stiffness of air spring and the damping coefficient of damper were obtained by bench tests.Then the modal test and transmissibility characteristic test of seat were carried out to obtain the modal frequency and transmissibility.The stiffness and damping parameters of the connection parts were obtained by iterative optimization,and an accurate finite element analysis(FEA)model was established.Finally,the modal,transmissibility and random vibration analysis were implemented to evaluate the dynamic seat comfort by simulation results.The results show that the modal frequency error between FEA and test is less than 3%,and the peak transmissibility error is less than 10%.The natural frequency of the seat does not coincide with the sensitive frequency of the human body,and the seat transmissibility is small in the non-resonant frequency range.To improve the dynamic seat comfort,it is necessary to reduce the peak transmissibility and the root-mean-square acceleration value at the response point at the resonant frequency.