构建一体多元的协商制度:平台用工模式下劳动关系协商对话机制的困境与因应

Building a Unified and Diverse Negotiation System:The Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Labor Relationship Negotiation and Dialogue Mechanism Under Platform Employment Mode

新修订的《工会法》和相关政策的实施,在法律规范层面确认了我国协商对话机制将成为调整平台用工领域劳动问题的重要手段之一。与此同时,以集体协商形式实现“平台算法取中”业已成为一项重要政策目标。然而,由于平台用工模式存在“去用人单位化”、劳动者零散化分布、工作环境数字化等特点,建立在传统用工模式基础上的传统协商制度面临适用困境。一是无从确定集体协商主体中的“用人单位”,二是劳动者零散化分布使协商容易失衡,三是协商对话机制基础薄弱。为保障平台协商对话机制有效行使,我国应当依托已有的集体合同制度,构建一体多元的协商制度体系,以适应新就业形态劳动者权益保护的政策转变和现实需求:首先,扩大集体劳动法规中“用人单位”的外延;其次,引入均衡原则,针对平台企业设置专门的层级性协商体制;再次,在传统集体合同制度的基础上,引入政府、工会、行业协会等多主体参与的协商对话机制,在协商代表选派、诉求表达以及协商方式等方面进行改进以适应数字化的工作环境;最后,推动平台用工协商对话机制尽快进入规范化和制度化的路径。

The implementation of the newly revised Trade Union Law and related policies has confirmed that China's negotiation and dialogue mechanism will become one of the important means to adjust labor issues in the field of platform employment at the legal regulatory level.At the same time,achieving"platform algorithm centering"through collective bargaining has become an important policy goal.However,due to the characteristics of"de unitization",scattered distribution of workers,and digitalization of work environment in the platform employment model,the traditional negotiation system based on the traditional employment model is facing application difficulties.Firstly,it is hard to determine the"employer"among the subjects of collective negotiation.Secondly,the scattered distribution of workers makes it easy for negotiations to become imbalanced.Thirdly,the foundation of the negotiation and dialogue mechanism is weak.To ensure the effective exercise of the platform negotiation and dialogue mechanism,China should rely on the existing collective contract system and build a comprehensive and diverse negotiation system to adapt to the policy changes and practical needs of protecting the rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment.Firstly,expand the extension of"employers"in collective labor regulations;Secondly,the principle of balance should be introduced,and a specialized hierarchical negotiation system is established for platform enterprises.Thirdly,based on the traditional collective contract system,a negotiation and dialogue mechanism involving multiple parties such as the government,trade unions,and industry associations is introduced to improve the selection of negotiation representatives,expression of demands,and negotiation methods to adapt to the digital work environment.Finally,promote the platform employment negotiation and dialogue mechanism to enter the path of standardization and institutionalization as soonas possible.