农民主观幸福感的建构:基于乡村振兴多维构面的理论分析与实证检验

Construction of Farmers Subjective Well-being:A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test Basedon the Multi-dimensions of Rural Revitalization

乡村振兴包含“产业、生态、乡风、治理、生活”5个构面,而农村居民幸福感的建构既依托于对自我的感知也源自于同他人的比较.本文构建“构面比较-群体比较-居民幸福感”的分析框架,旨在揭示推进乡村振兴中增进农村居民幸福感的关键路径与可行策略,并结合湖北省粮食主产区1272个农户的调查数据进行实证检验.结果表明:①乡村振兴能够显著提升农民主观幸福感;②相较于非经济因素(生态宜居、乡风文明和治理有效),经济因素(生活富裕和产业兴旺)对于农民主观幸福感的影响更强;③相较于绝对获得感表征的同个人历史经验的纵向比较,相对公平感表征的同社交群体的横向比较对农民主观幸福感的影响更强.据此,在绝对贫困问题刚刚得以解决的时期,持续提升农村居民的生计可持续能力依然是增进其幸福感的关键所在;考虑农村居民绝对获得感改进面临客观条件约束,塑造其对经济和非经济因素的相对公平感是短期内提升幸福感的可行策略.

Rural revitalization contains five aspects:“industry,ecology,custom,governance and life”,and construction of rural residents subjective well-being depends not only on self-perception,but also from comparison with others.In this paper,we develop an analytical framework of“comparison of construct domains-comparison of social groups-residents subjective well-being”,attempting to reveal the critical paths and feasible strategies for improving the subjective well-being of rural residents in promoting the China s Rural Vitalization Strategy.The empirical study results show that:①Rural revitalization can significantly improve the subjective well-being of rural residents.②In contrast to the non-economic factors(pleasant living environments,social etiquette and civility,effective governance),economic factors(wealthy life,industrial prosperity)have a stronger impact on rural residents subjective well-being.③Compared with the longitudinal comparison of the individual s experience represented by the senses of absolute gain,the horizontal comparison of the sense of relative fairness with the social group has a stronger impact on the subjective well-being of rural residents.Thus,in the period when the absolute poverty has been addressed,how to continuously improve the sustainable livelihoods of rural residents is still the core to promoting subjective well-being.Considering the objective limitations of absolute gain,creating the sense of relative fairness is a feasible strategy for improving happiness in the short term.