TK50/AP复合物三维纳米网格结构的构筑及其性能研究

Construction of 3D nano grid structure of TK50/AP composite and its properties study

为了改善1,1’-二羟基-5,5’-联四唑二羟胺盐(TK50)的释能特性,采用冰模板法构筑了TK50/高氯酸铵(AP)(TK50/AP)复合物三维纳米网格结构。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、差示扫描量热仪、比表面积和孔径分析仪、热-红联用仪及激光点火装置对其形貌、微结构、热分解和燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,TK50/AP复合物的三维纳米网格结构包含大量的中孔(2~6 nm),比表面积和孔体积分别为7.059m^(2)·g^(-1)和0.09 cm^(3)·g^(-1)。XRD衍射峰强度大大降低,由Scherrer公式计算的平均晶粒度为83.80 nm。DSC曲线有2个放热峰,位于228.1℃处尖锐的强放热峰,其峰温较原料TK50提前12℃,活化能增加144.86 kJ·mol^(-1);位于325.6℃处弱的宽峰,其峰温较原料AP提前105.6℃,活化能增加24.21 kJ·mol^(-1)。热-红联用测试结果表明复合物的热分解速率更快、能量释放更完全。TK50/AP复合物表现出高效稳定的激光点火燃烧(LIC)性能,点火延迟时间从原料TK50的50 ms、混合物的60 ms降低到20 ms,激光点火阈值从原料TK50的25.12 mJ、混合物的12.56 mJ降低到6.28 mJ。复合物的纳米尺寸效应和多孔网格结构优异的传热传质特性是其热分解和LIC性能显著改善的主要原因。

Composition,size and microstructure have greatly influenced the properties of energetic materials.In order to improve energy release features of 1,1'-dihydroxy-5,5'-tetrazolium dihydroxyamine salt(TK50),3D nano grid structure of TK50/ammonium perchlorate(AP)composite was constructed by ice-template method.The morphology,microstructure,thermal decomposition and combustion properties were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray powder dffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,specific surface area and pore size analyzer,thermogravimetric analysis-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and laser ignition device.The results indicate that the 3D nano grid structure of the TK50/AP composite contains a large number of mesopores(2-6m)Is eeifesurfacearea and pore volume are 7.059 mg'and 0.09mg,rectvly The XRDdifraction peaks intensity indicate obvious nanometer effect,and the grain size is 83.80 nm calculated by the Scherrer formula.The DSC curve displays two exothermic peaks,the peak temperature of a sharp and strong exothermic peak is 12℃earlier than that of raw TK50,and one of a weak and broad peak advances 105.6℃ compared to raw AP,improving the energy release rate;the corresponding activation energy increases by 144.86 kJ·mol^(-1)and 24.21 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively,enhancing the thermal stability.The TK50/AP composite exhibits high-efficiency stable laser-ignited combustion(LIC)feature,the ignition delay time decreases to 20 ms from 50 ms of raw TK50 and 60 ms of mixture,and the laser ignition threshold to 6.28 mJ from 25.12 mJ of raw TK50 and 12.56 mJ of TK50/AP mixture.The significantly improved thermal decomposition and LIC properties are mainly attributed to the nanometer size effect of the TK50/AP composite and enhanced heat and mass transfer properties of the porous nano-grid structure.