基于鱼骨图分析枯水期污水厂生产运行成本

Analysis of Production and Operation Costs of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Dry Season Based on Fishbone Diagram

文章以东莞市枯水期污水处理厂为研究对象,对其进水水量、水质及生产运行成本进行分析,结果表明,8家污水处理厂1月月均负荷仅为64.32%,其中,有4家负荷低于60%;进水水质可生化性良好且满足生物除磷的要求,然而,仅有1家污水处理厂进水BOD_(5)/TN>4,表明大多数污水厂面临着进水碳源不足的问题。此外,8家污水处理厂的直接吨水成本(自来水费、电费、原材料药耗和污泥处置费)较高,为0.59元/m^(3)。通过鱼骨分析法直观地展示出,导致污水处理厂1月成本增加的原因主要是电耗、碳源、除磷剂和绝干泥药耗等费用的增加。为降低枯水期污水处理厂的直接吨水成本,针对鱼骨图分析下的电耗高、水处理药剂投加量大和绝干泥药耗高等问题,在确保污水处理设施正常稳定运行的基础上,从曝气、投药量、运行工艺及设备设施等方面提出应对措施,为其他低负荷率污水厂的节能降耗提供新思路。

This paper took Dongguan′s wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)during the dry season as the research object,and analyzed their inflow volume,water quality,and production and operation costs.Results showed that the average monthly load of 8 WWTPs in January was only 64.32%,of which 4 had a load below 60%;The inlet water quality could be good biochemical and met the requirements of biological phosphorus removal.However,only one WWTP had an influent BOD_(5)/TN value greater than 4,indicating that most WWTPs were facing the problem of insufficient influent carbon source.In addition,the direct cost per ton of water(tap water fee,electricity fee,raw material drug consumption,and sludge disposal fee)of 8 WWTPs was relatively high,at 0.59 yuan/m^(3).Through the fish bone analysis method,it could be intuitively demonstrated that the main reasons for the cost increase of WWTPs in January were the increase in electricity consumption,carbon sources,phosphorus removal agents,and dry mud medicine consumption.In order to reduce the direct per ton water cost of WWTPs during the dry season,in response to the problems of high power consumption,large dosage of water treatment chemicals,and high consumption of dry sludge chemicals analyzed by the fishbone diagram,measures were proposed from the aspects of aeration,dosage,operation process,and equipment facilities,while ensuring the normal and stable operation of wastewater treatment facilities.It provides new ideas for energy saving and consumption reduction of other low load rate WWTPs.