河北阳原桑干河国家湿地公园水鸟多样性

Diversity of Waterbird in the Sanggan River National Wetland Park in Yangyuan of Hebei

河北省阳原县桑干河国家湿地公园是鸟类迁徙的重要驿站。为掌握该湿地的鸟类状况,于2020年10月—2021年9月,采用样线法和样点法调查桑干河国家湿地公园的鸟类组成。结果表明:桑干河湿地公园共记录鸟类7目13科63种,其中,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类7种,河北省重点保护鸟类23种,列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录(IUCN)》受胁物种的鸟类8种。居留型以旅鸟为主,有41种(65.08%),其余为夏候鸟22种(34.92%)。区系组成以古北界为主,共46种(73.02%),东洋界5种(7.94%)、广布种12种(19.05%)。优势种为赤麻鸭(Tadornaferruginea)和绿头鸭(Anasplatyrhynchos)。各月水鸟群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数差异较大,5月多样性指数与均匀度指数均最高,分别为2.732和0.860;11月均最低,为1.377和0.460。研究结果可为桑干河国家湿地的管理、该区域未来鸟类监测以及水鸟保护策略的制定提供依据。

The wetland in Sanggan River in Yangyuan county,Hebei province is an important stage for bird migration.In order to grasp the status of birds in the wetland park,from October 2020 to September 2021,the bird diversity in the Sanggan River national wetland park was investigated by using the method of transect and sampling point.The result showed that there were 64 species of birds belonging to 13 families and 7 orders.Among them,there were 2 animals of class-Ⅰnational priority for protection,7 animals of class-Ⅱ,and 23 species of Hebei provincial priority for protection,8 species of birds listed on the Red List of International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)as threatened species.Travelling birds dominated those species in terms of residence type,with 41 species(65.08%)and the rest were summer migratory birds with 22 species(34.92%).The dominant waterbird species were Tadorna ferruginea and Anas platyrhynchos.The monthly dynamic changes of the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index and Pielou uniformity index are quite different.The diversity index and uniformity index were both highest in May at 2.732 and 0.860,lowest in November at 1.377 and 0.460.The study provides a relevant basis for the management of the Sanggan River national wetland park,the monitoring of future birds in the region,and the development of waterbird conservation strategies.