我国认购湿地碳汇生态司法修复机制的构建路径探析

Approaches to the Development of a Judicial System for Subscription of Wetland Carbon Sinks for Ecological Restoration in China

现阶段我国湿地破坏类案件仍然高发,原地复绿、异地复绿、劳役代偿等既有生态修复方式已不能满足湿地生态修复的实际需要,难以有效修复受损的湿地生态。在此背景下,基于认购林业碳汇生态司法修复机制的制度文本与实践经验,探索适用认购湿地碳汇生态司法修复方式,既有利于弥补既有修复方式的局限性,又符合生态恢复性司法理念的价值内涵,兼具正当性与可行性。据此,应首先搭建认购湿地碳汇生态司法修复方式的运行机制,以明确该机制的目标定位、司法适用范围与适用要求;同时还应尽快搭建湿地碳汇价值损失计量机制、湿地碳汇市场交易机制、湿地碳汇修复效果评估机制,以及湿地碳汇修复的过程监管机制,以期为认购湿地碳汇生态司法修复机制的运行提供衔接与保障。

At the present stage,the incidence of wetland destruction cases in China is still high.The existing ecological restoration methods,such as in-situ re-greening,ex-situ re-greening and compensation for labor can no longer meet the actual needs of wetland ecological restoration,and it is difficult to effectively repair the damaged wetland ecology.In this context,based on the institutional text and practical experience of the ecological judicial mechanism for the subscription of forestry carbon sinks for ecological restoration,the application of ecological judicial remediation for subscription of wetland carbon sinks should be explored.This is not only conducive to making up for the limitations of the existing restoration methods,but also conforms to the value connotation of the concept of ecological restorative justice,which is both legitimate and feasible.Accordingly,the first step is to set up an operational judicial mechanism for the subscription of wetland carbon sinks for ecological restoration,so as to clarify the target positioning,judicial scope of application and requirements of the mechanism;at the same time,the measurement mechanism of wetland carbon sink value loss,the market trading mechanisms of wetland carbon sinks,the evaluation mechanism of wetland carbon sink restoration effect,and the supervision mechanism of wetland carbon sink restoration process should be established as soon as possible,so as to provide connection and guarantee for the operation of the mechanism of purchase of wetland carbon sinks.