不同路径台风作用下三门湾海域波浪特性研究

Investigation of wave characteristics in the Sanmen Bay under various typhoon paths

为了研究台风天气下海域的波浪特征,以浙江中部三门湾海域为重点研究区域,基于MIKE21 SW模型模拟了6个台风波浪过程,分析了不同路径台风影响下三门湾海域内有效波高和波浪谱情况。研究表明,三门湾海域在台风影响下有效波高和风速呈现出较为一致的变化趋势,台风“麦莎”期间研究海域内最大有效波高超过2 m。该海域受台风影响最大期间,波浪能量集中在东北至东南区域。登陆型台风“麦莎”和登陆后转向型台风“罗莎”的波能谱是以风浪为主的单峰谱,转向型台风“蔷薇”和“泰利”的波能谱以双峰为主,波浪是由涌浪和风浪组成的混合浪,其中风浪占比成分较大。西移型台风“海马”的波能谱是以风浪为主的单峰谱,同时伴随有少量涌浪。外海转向型台风“潭美”的波能谱是以涌浪为主的单峰谱。

To investigate the wave characteristics in the maritime domain during typhoon conditions,this study focuses on the central region of Sanmen Bay in Zhejiang Province.Employing the MIKE21 SW model,we simulate six typhoon-induced wave processes and analyze the significant wave height and wave spectrum variations in Sanmen Bay under the influence of typhoons following different paths.The findings reveal that under typhoon influence,the significant wave height and wind speed in the Sanmen Bay maritime area exhibit a relatively consistent changing trend.Notably,during Typhoon“Matsa”,the maximum significant wave height in the study area exceeds 2 meters.In the peak impact period of the typhoon,wave energy distribution concentrates from the northeast to southeast.The wave energy spectra of landfall typhoon“Matsa”and post-landfall turning typhoon“Krosa”exhibit single-peaked dominance,primarily characterized by wind waves.Turning typhoons“Jangmi”and“Talim”display double-peaked spectra,indicating a combination of swell and wind waves,with wind waves playing a predominant role.The wave energy spectrum of westward-moving typhoon“Haima”features a single peak dominated by wind waves,accompanied by a minor presence of swell.For the open-sea turning typhoon“Trami,”the wave energy spectrum is single-peaked and dominated by swell.