半干旱地区秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分及产量的影响

Effect of Straw Return on Soil Organic Carbon Composition and Yield in Semi-arid Regions

为了探索半干旱区玉米秸秆还田对土壤有机碳组分和产量的影响,以黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院秸秆长期定位试验田为研究对象,对CK(常规种植)、FM(秸秆翻埋还田)和FG(秸秆覆盖还田)3种处理下土壤颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及玉米产量进行分析。结果表明:不同处理各土层均是黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量最高。FM处理4个土层砂粒(>0.250μm)和黏粒(<0.053μm)有机碳含量平均值分别提高了21.78%和20.51%,FG处理分别提高了25.87%和13.52%。FM处理在各土层水溶性有机碳含量最高,在0~10和>10~20 cm土层中顺序为FM>FG>CK,其中FM处理分别较CK增加22.73%和38.25%,FG处理分别较CK提高2.48%和26.32%。在>20~30和>30~40 cm土层中,土壤水溶性有机碳含量依次为FM>CK>FG,其中FG降低幅度分别为14.55%和9.41%,而FM处理增加幅度分别为10.68%和17.85%。不同处理之间穗长、穗粗和穗行数差异不明显。穗粒数顺序为FM>FG>CK,籽粒含水量顺序为FG>CK>FM;产量顺序为FM>FG>CK,FM和FG处理分别较CK增产5.20%和3.20%。

In order to explore the impact of returning corn straw to the field on soil organic carbon composition and yield in semi-arid areas,the long-term positioning experimental field of straw at Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences was used as the research object to analyze the content of soil particulate organic carbon,water-soluble organic carbon and corn yield under three treatments:CK(conventional planting),FM(straw burying and returning)and FG(straw covering and returning).The results showed that clay particles(<0.053μm)had the highest organic carbon content in each soil layer under different treatments.The average organic carbon content of sand par-ticles(>0.250μm)and clay particles(<0.053μm)in the four soil layers treated with FM by 21.78%and 20.51%,and FG increased by 25.87%and 13.52%,respectively.FM treatment had the highest content of water-soluble organic carbon in each soil layer,with FM>FG>CK in the order of 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers.FM treatment increased by 22.73%and 2.48%compared to CK,while FG treatment increased by 38.25%and 26.32%compared to CK,respectively.In the soil layers of 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm,the content of water-soluble organic carbon in the soil was in the order of FM>CK>FG,with FG decreasing by 14.55%and 9.41%,while FM treatment increased by 10.68%and 17.85%.There was no significant difference in spike length,spike diameter and spike row number among different treatments.The order of grain number per spike was FM>FG>CK,and the order of grain water content was FG>CK>FM.The yield order was FM>FG>CK,with FM and FG treatments increasing production by 5.20%and 3.20%,respectively,compared to CK.