农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Rural Human Capital on Urban-rural Income Gap

教育差距是中国城乡收入差异最主要的影响因素之一,而高等教育是培养优秀人力资源的重要途径,在提高农民文化水平与劳动技能中,教育资源的投入起到了显著作用,并且有效提高了其劳动生产率,促进农民增收就业,进而缩小城乡人均收入的差异。利用我国2008—2020年的31个省(市)的省级面板数据,运用普通最小二乘法(OLS)探究农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的影响,利用中介效应模型检验了农村人力资本投入在粮食安全提高的影响下是否能有效缩小城乡收入差距。研究表明:①农村人力资本投入对缩小城乡收入差距起到了显著作用,其中中部地区的作用最大,而东、西部地区相较于中部地区的效果较弱。②在农村人力资本与城乡收入差距产生的效应中,粮食生产起到了积极的中介作用,这一点在中部地区最为明显。据此,提出相应的政策建议,以期为推动农业发展水平进步、农村地区振兴、农民收入切实提高提供参考,最终促进中国经济的快速、均衡和可持续发展。

The education gap is one of the most important factors influencing the urban-rural income gap in China,while higher education is an important way to cultivate excellent human resources,and the investment of educational resources plays a significant role in improving farmers’literacy and labour skills,and effectively improves their labour productivity,promotes farmers’income and employment,and thus reduces the urban-rural per capita income gap.This paper uses provincial panel data of 31 provinces(cities)in China from 2008 to 2020 to explore the impact of rural human capital on the urban-rural income gap using the ordinary least squares(OLS)method,and uses the mediation effect model to test whether rural human capital inputs are effective in narrowing the urban-rural income gap under the influence of improved food security.The study shows that:①Rural human capital inputs play a significant role in reducing the urban-rural income gap,with the largest effect in the central region,while the effect is weaker in the east and west compared to the central region.②Food production plays a positive mediating role in the effect of rural human capital and the urban-rural income gap,which is most obvious in the central region.Accordingly,corresponding policy recommendations are put forward in the hope of providing reference for promoting progress in the level of agricultural development,revitalisation of rural areas,and effective improvement of farmers’income,and ultimately promoting the rapid,balanced and sustainable development of China’s economy.