山西历山国家级自然保护区天牛科昆虫多样性研究

Diversity of Longicorn Beetles in Lishan National Nature Reserve,Shanxi,China

为了解我国山西省南部地区历山国家级自然保护区天牛科昆虫的发生现状、种群结构及分布状况,在保护区4个片区内(下川片区、李圪塔片区、历山片区和大河片区)选取4种生境类型(落叶阔叶林带、针阔混交林带、疏林灌丛带、灌丛农垦带),进行天牛科昆虫多样性调查。结果显示:该保护区天牛昆虫隶属于6亚科81属120种,分别占中国已知属种的12.16%和3.05%,其中天牛亚科的物种数和花天牛亚科的个体数最多,并发现56个山西省新纪录种。从属种比值系数来看,单种属占比较多,该保护区天牛科昆虫属内以单种为主。多样性分析表明:历山片区的丰富度指数最高;均匀度指数和多样性指数均表现为李圪塔片区>大河片区>历山片区>下川片区;优势度指数表现为下川片区>历山片区>大河片区>李圪塔片区。疏林灌丛带的丰富度指数最高;均匀度指数和多样性指数均表现为灌丛农垦带>疏林灌丛带>针阔混交林带>落叶阔叶林带;优势度指数表现为落叶阔叶林带>针阔混交林带>疏林灌丛带>灌丛农垦带。区系分布格局以古北-东洋界共有种为主要特征,占本地区总种数的84.17%;在我国昆虫地理区划中的分布共有30个分布型,以华北区和华中区为主体,并与西南区关系密切。

In order to understand the occurrence status,population structure and distribution of longicorn beetles in Lishan National Nature Reserve in south of Shanxi province,China.Four habitat types(Broad-leaved forest belt.Coniferous and broad-leaved forest belt.Sparse forest shrub belt.Shrub farming belt.)were selected from four precincts(Xiachuan precincts.Ligeda precincts.Lishan precincts.Dahe precincts.)in the nature reserve to investigate the diversity of longicorn beetle.The results of the diversity analysis show that the reserve of the longicorn beetle insects belonging to 120 species of 81 genera,in 6 subfamilies,accounting for 12.16%and 3.05%of the known genera and species in China respectively,among which Cerambycinae has the largest number of species and Lepturinae has the largest number of individuals,and fifty-six species are newly recorded to Shanxi province.According to the coefficient of genus-species ratio,single-species genera account for a large proportion,implying that single-species are dominant within the genus of Cerambycidae in this reserve.Diversity analysis shows:Lishan precincts has the highest richness index,The order from high to low values in the Pielou’s eveness index and Shannon-Wiener index is Ligeda precincts>Dahe precincts>Lishan precincts>Xiachuan precincts,the Simpson index is Xiachuan precincts>Lishan precincts>Dahe precincts>Ligeda precincts.Sparse forest shrub belt has the highest richness index,The order from high to low values in the Pielou's eveness index and Shannon-Wiener index is Shrub farming belt>Sparse forest shrub belt>Coniferous and broad-leaved forest belt>Deciduous broad-leaved forest belt,the Simpson index is Deciduous broad-leaved forest belt>Coniferous and broad-leaved forest belt>Sparse forest shrub belt>Shrub farming belt.The faunal distribution pattern is mainly characterised by species shared by the Palearctic and Oriental,accounting for 84.17%of the species in the region.There are a total of 30 zone types belonging to the geographical division of insects in China,with North China and Central China as the main body,and closely related to Southwest China.