西双版纳州柚子园土壤养分状况研究

Soil Nutrient Status of Pomelo( Citrus maxima )Orchards in Xishuangbanna

为了解西双版纳州主要柚子园土壤养分状况,以西双版纳州10个主要柚子种植园共42个土壤样本为研究材料,通过测定其土样基本理化性质和养分含量,并采用内梅罗综合指数法对土壤进行肥力评价。结果显示:(1)西双版纳州柚子园土壤养分肥力均为中等肥沃,虽可以基本满足柚子生长需求,但高品质柚子园占比不足20%,70%柚子园土壤酸碱度pH偏低,不适合生产高品质柚子,1号和7号柚子园土壤pH处于最适的生长区间。(2)大量元素除水解性氮(HN)和全钾(TK)外均属于适量水平,35.42%土壤样品全磷(TP)达到极丰富水平,高品质柚子与土壤适当的氮(N)或有机质(SOM)含量,以及较高的磷(P)、钾(K)含量密切相关。(3)有效硫(AS)处于缺乏水平,交换性钙(ECa)和镁(EMg)处于极丰富和丰富水平,但不是造成西双版纳州柚子品质差异的主要因子。有效锰(AMn)、有效锌(AZn)、有效硼(AB)在果品最好的1号柚子园中含量丰富,且显著高于其他果园。研究结果表明:土壤质量可以显著地影响柚子品质,通过提升土壤pH,控制氮肥用量,增施磷、钾、锰、锌、硼,有望提高西双版纳柚子品质。

In order to understand soil nutrient status of the main pomelo orchards in Xishuangbanna(XSBN),a total of 42 soil samples from 10 major pomelo plantations in XSBN were used as research materials in this study.The basic physical and chemical properties and content of soil nutrient were measured,and Nemerow multi-factor index method was used to evaluate soil fertility.The results showed that the fertility of XSBN’s pomelo orchard soils was moderate,which could basically meet the growth requirements of pomelo.However,less than 20%of high-quality orchards were found,with 70%of orchard soils having low pH that unsuitable for producing high-quality pomelo.Orchard No.1 and No.7 had soil pH within the optimal range for pomelo growth.Except for HN(hydrolyzable nitrogen)and TK(total potassium),most elements were at appropriate levels;35.42%of soil samples was extremely rich in TP(total phosphorus).High-quality pomelo were closely related to appropriate N or organic matter in soil as well as higher P and K contents.AS(available sulfur)was deficient while ECa(exchangeable calcium)and EMg(exchangeable magnesium)were extremely rich or rich;however,they were not major factors causing differences in XSBN's pomelo quality.AMn(available manganese),AZn(available zinc),AB(available boron)had abundant concentrations in Orchard No.1 with best fruit quality compared to other orchards.The study showed that soil quality can significantly affect pomelo quality,it is expected to enhance the quality of pomeol by improving soil pH,controlling usage of nitrogen,increasing application of P,K,Mn,Zn,B.