“儒士”身份与正声“律曲”——元代“以曲取士”争论再认识

The Identity of"Confucian Scholar"and the Right Voice"Melody":A New Solution to the Controversy of"Taking Scholars with Qu"in Yuan Dynast

元代是否存在“以曲取士”,学界至今尚无定论,但仍有可诠释的空间。文章试从“戊戌选试”““曲”“词”称谓”和“以儒任吏”三个方面展开阐述,提出以曲取“士”是为了确定儒人的户籍身份,并非科举意义上的步入“仕途”。在元代以“律赋”为重的风气下,遵守格律的文人“曲”被认为是与词一体的“乐府”,以词赋取士,即包括以“律曲”取士。“以曲取士”概念的再界定,或许可以为戏曲史研究提供一个新的思考视角。

It has not been decided whether there was"Selection of scholars by Yuan Qu"in the Yuan Dynasty,but there is still room for interpretation.The article tries to elaborate from three aspects:"Talent Selection in the year of Wuxu","Title of‘Qu'and‘Ci'"and"Appointing a scholar as an official"to prove that"Selection of scholars by Yuan Qu"is just to confirm the household registration status of scholars,not to let them enter the"official career"in the sense of imperial examination.In the Yuan Dynasty,under the ethos of""Lv Fu"(a form of literary style),"Qu"which observes the music of the law was regarded as"Yuefu"integrating with"Ci";therefore,selecting scholars by"Ci Fu"(a type of classical Chinese writing)includes selecting scholars by"Yuan Qu".The redefinition of the concept of"Selection of scholars by Yuan Qu"may provide a new perspective for the study of opera history.