易寓艮维:艮岳的名变、易理和取象物营构

I Ching Implies Gen Orientation:The Change of the Name,I Ching HPhilosophy,and the Material Construction of the Image of Gen Yue

在艮岳名称变化的表层逻辑之下,隐藏着其园囿景观功能和存在意义的转换及深化的进程。从文化的角度研究艮岳景观的意匠问题,不能忽视“艮”卦的意义及其与景观构成的象征关系。艮岳建造所遵循的文化观念的逻辑内核,应该是《易经》中“艮”卦的涵义演绎与其所取象的物质要素之间达到的完美契合。在中国园林营造史上,艮岳是首次围绕“艮”卦方位展开设计的一处带有强烈主题色彩的景观工程。从设计意匠看,艮岳已超越了单纯的赋名层面,而将象征意义植入景观的基本构成要素之中。营造者虽然需要土石、植物、动物的多样性来形成丰富的景观体验,但却是建立在首先保证“艮”之取象物配置齐备的基础之上的。艮岳的幻灭,在时人眼中似乎因应了“艮”位在《易》理中带有谶纬色彩的“终始之处”和“凶害之所”的诠释,但从历史唯物主义角度看,其命运却更符合古代朝代兴替和社会变迁的客观规律。

The variation in the names of Gen Yue Imperial Garden conceals the function change and value articulation of Chinese landscape gardening.The meaning of trigramgen and its symbolic relationship with its landscape construction cannot be neglected for the cultural study on design concept of Gen Yue Imperial Garden,whose essence resonates well with the perfect material-image interpretation of gen connotation in the I Ching.In the history of Chinese garden construction,Gen Yue Imperial Garden is the first theme-based landscape project oriented by gen direction.Besides the naming of the garden,the designers involved all the basic elements of the landscape in depicting the symbolism of gen.Both designers and builders employed a diversity of materials including earth,stones,plants and animals to ensure the full configuration of gen symbolism prior to the rich landscape experience.The disappearance of Gen Yue Imperial Garden seems to correspond to such divinatory interpretations of gen as the place of cycle and the place of misfortune based on I Ching philosophy during the Northern Song dynasty,however,from the perspective of historical materialism,its fate is more in line with the objective laws of ancient dynasties and social changes.