中医“治未病”理论在甲状腺结节防治中的运用

Application of TCM theory of"preventing disease"in the prevention and treatment of thyroid nodules

近年来甲状腺结节在临床屡见不鲜,因其发病率高且伴有恶变风险,严重危害身心健康。基于中医治未病理论可从“未病先防、欲病救萌、既病防变、瘥后防复”4个层次为甲状腺结节提供防治策略。未病先防主要侧重规避病因,包括饮食、情志、外邪;欲病救萌重在调整偏颇体质,主要为气郁质、痰湿质、湿热质、气虚质和阳虚质;既病防变从扶正与祛邪两方面出发,扶正是在治疗全程中顾护脾胃,祛邪则注意气血同调、痰瘀共治,以控制结节增长、防止结节恶变、改善甲状腺功能为目标;瘥后防复是坚持治本预防手术后复发。

In recent years,thyroid nodules has been a common disease.Its high incidence and malignant transformation seriously endan-gers people's physical and mental health.The theory of"preventive treatment"in traditional Chinese medicine could provide many pre-vention and treatment strategies for thyroid nodules from the four levels of"prevention before disease onset,rescuing disease in its ger-mination,preventing from exacerbating,and preventing for recurrence".In the stage of prevention before disease onset,we should focus on risk factors,including diet,emotion,external pathogenic factors,and so on.In rescuing disease in its germination stage,it is important to adjust the biased constitution,mainly qi stagnation,phlegm-dampness,damp heat,qi asthenia and yang asthenia constitution.In prevent-ing from exacerbating stage,both strengthening the body and eliminating pathogenic factors should be concerned.Strengthening the body cares for the spleen and stomach during the whole course of treatment,and pays attention to the co-regulation of qi and blood and co-treatment of phlegm and blood stasis in the treatment of eliminating pathogenic factors.In preventing for recurrence stage,we should in-sist on strengthening the body to prevent patients from recurring after surgery.