潍坊市居民疫情期间健康知识知信行现状调查

Investigation on the current situation of health knowledge,belief and practice of Weifang residents during the epidemic period

目的了解疫情期间潍坊市城乡居民对相关传染病健康知识的知晓率、信念以及行为改变状况,为加强城乡疫情的防控和制订健康宣教措施提供科学依据。方法采用自制调查问卷,现场面对面的方式对潍坊市部分居民进行问卷调查,发放问卷640份,收回问卷640份,回收率为100.0%。分析居民对疫情期间健康知识认知情况及居民在疫情发生前后防疫行为,对不同类型群体居民的疫情期间健康知识认知进行比较。结果居民对疫情期间相关传染病健康知识知晓率较高的是实施隔离医学观察天数、传播途径、公民防控传染病的责任、正确的洗手方法,分别是96.3%、76.3%、71.3%、68.0%。知晓率较低的是集体就餐的做法、口罩选择,分别是3.9%、23.3%。主要防护行为“外出后回来洗手”、“外出戴口罩”在疫情发生后的比例基本都达到了80%以上;公务员、教授、医生以及其他事业单位人员的疫情期间相关传染病健康认知水平较高,农民和工人的认知水平较低。结论根据文化层次及本地的特色,采用灵活多样的健康教育方式对居民进行宣教,从而提高居民健康知识认知度。

Objective To understand the awareness rate,beliefs,and behavioral changes of urban and rural residents in Weifang City regarding health knowledge related to infectious diseases during the epidemic period,and to provide scientific basis for strengthening the prevention and control of urban and rural epidemics and formulating health education measures.Methods A self-made survey questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face survey on some residents of Weifang City.A total of 640 questionnaires were distributed and 640 were collected,with a response rate of 100.0%.The health knowledge cognition of residents during the epidemic period and their epidemic prevention behaviors before and after the outbreak were analyzed,and the health knowledge cognition of different types of residents during the epidemic period were compared.Results The residents with a higher awareness rate of health knowledge related to infectious diseases during the epidemic period were 96.3%,76.3%,71.3%and 68.0%,respectively,in terms of the number of days of quarantine medical observation,transmission routes,the responsibility of citizens to prevent and control infectious disease,and correct hand washing methods.The practices of group dining and mask selection had a lower awareness rate of 3.9%and 23.3%,respectively.The main protective behaviors of"washing hands after going out"and"wearing masks when going out"had basically reached over 80%after the outbreak of the epidemic;civil servants,professors,doctors,and other personnel in public institutions had a higher level of health awareness related to infectious diseases during the epidemic,while farmers and workers had a lower level of awareness.Conclusion Based on cultural level and local characteristics,flexible and diverse health education methods were adopted to educate residents,in order to improve residents'awareness of health knowledge.