经济全球化多重力量与地方集群演化发展——以浙江省玉环市汽车零部件产业集群为例

Multiple forces of economic globalization and evolutionarydevelopment of local clusters:The case study of the automotiveparts industry cluster in Yuhuan,Zhejiang province

演化经济地理学是理解集群演化的主流理论,但有陷入知识主义的倾向,相对忽视市场和竞争对集群演化的影响。近年来,演化经济地理学将全球知识联系纳入到解释地方集群演化的理论框架中,大大提升了其对集群演化的解释力。然而,在中国情境中,忽视经济全球化多重力量的综合作用,很难全面深刻地理解地方集群演化发展的过程。本文以演化经济地理学为理论基础,从全球市场、全球竞争、全球知识3个维度构建了全球力量作用地方集群演化发展的理论框架,并以玉环汽车零部件产业集群为例开展实证研究。研究发现:(1)全球市场有利于集群规模扩大;(2)全球竞争对集群市场份额造成负面影响;(3)全球知识促进集群内企业结构演化。这些发现表明,演化经济地理学需要考虑市场、竞争、知识等因素共同对产业集群或区域产业演化造成的影响。本研究完善了基于演化经济地理学的集群演化理论,研究结论对中国推动传统制造业集群向先进制造业集群转型升级具有参考价值。

Evolutionary economic geography is a mainstream theory for understanding clusterevolution,but it tends to fall into intellectualism,which ignores the impact of markets andcompetition on cluster evolution.In recent years,evolutionary economic geography hasincorporated global knowledge connections into its theoretical framework to explain localcluster evolution,greatly enhancing its explanatory power for cluster evolution.In the Chinesecontext,however,it is difficult to fully and profoundly understand the process of local clusterevolutionary development without considering the integrated effects of multiple forces ofeconomic globalization.Based on evolutionary economic geography,this study constructs atheoretical framework for the interaction between global forces and local cluster evolutionarydevelopment from three dimensions:global market,global competition,and global knowledge.A case study of the Yuhuan automotive parts industry cluster was conducted to empiricallyvalidate the framework.The research findings are as follows:(1)global market facilitates theexpansion of cluster scale,(2)global competition has a negative impact on cluster marketshare,and(3)global knowledge promotes the evolution of intra-cluster enterprise structure.These findings suggest that evolutionary economic geography must consider the impact offactors such as markets,competition,and knowledge on the evolution of industrial clusters orregional industries.This study refined the cluster evolution theory based on evolutionaryeconomic geography,and the research conclusions have reference value for China's promotionof the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing clusters to advancedmanufacturing clusters.