历史功能论视阈下武术套路的演变与展望

Evolution and Prospect of Wushu Routine from the Perspective of Historical Function Theory

为使武术套路能够摆脱争议走出困境,运用历史功能论剖析武术功能的转变和在武术套路演变中的体现,并提出发展展望。研究认为:随着历史的发展,武术套路的演变可分为萌生期、繁荣期与转型期,其在宋朝萌生时便带有表演娱乐功能,但技击性远胜于表演性,到明清时期,武术套路在技术上与内容上均得到极大丰富,清末之后,武术退出战场,其技击性随之骤降,从民国开始不断转型,直至今天呈现出表演性远大于技击性的特征;未来武术套路的发展应当在套路中加入更多技击攻防组合的展演以体现中华文化的哲思与智慧,使武术套路能够更好地体现助力中华文化复兴的重要功能和伟大使命。

In order to get rid of the controversy and predicament of Wushu routines,this paper analyzes the transformation of Wushu functions caused by needs in the evolution of Wushu routines by using the historical function theory,and puts forward the development prospect.The research shows that with the development of history,the evolution of Wushu routines can be divided into germination period,prosperity period and transition period.When it was born in the Song Dynasty,it had the function of performing entertainment,but its skill and attack were far stronger than its performance.By the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Wushu routines were greatly enriched in technology and content.After the end of the Qing Dynasty,its skill and attack dropped sharply,and it continued to transform from the Republic of China until today.In the future development of Wushu routines,more performances of attack and defense combinations should be added to the routines to reflect the philosophic thinking and wisdom of Chinese culture,so that Wushu routines can better undertake the important functions and great mission of helping Chinese cultural rejuvenation.