从近代“夷”形象嬗变看中华民族意识的“自觉”——以《海国图志》为中心

The“Self-consciousness”in Chinese National Consciousness from the Evolution of the Image“Yi”in Modern China:Based on Hai Guo Tu Zhi

《海国图志》中的“夷”形象嬗变,标志着中国近代“异域”形象由“夷”到“他者”的转型,其主体由传统“少数民族”转型为近代“西方列强”。这一深刻嬗变带来两个方面的重要影响:一是文化机制由传统“华夏中心”一元构架向近代“中西冲突”二元构架转型;二是近代中华民族意识由“自在”向“自觉”演进。这不仅论证了中华民族的认同意识和归属意识是在中国古代各民族“自在”文化认同的基础上,伴随着近代强势他者的出现而“自觉”形成的,还揭示了中华民族意识由“自在”向“自觉”演进的时间节点和推动中华民族意识演进的文化机制。

The evolution of the image“yi”in Wei Yuan’s work Hai Guo Tu Zhi marks the transformation of the“exotic”image of China in modern times from“yi”to“the other”and of the subject from the traditional“minority nationalities”to the modern“Western powers”.This profound transformation brought about two important influences.Firstly,the cultural mechanism was transformed from the traditional“Huaxia center”unitary framework to the modern“Sino-Western conflict”dualistic framework.Secondly,the modern Chinese national consciousness evolved from“being free”to“being self-conscious”.This not only proves that the consciousness of identity and belonging of the Chinese nation was formed“consciously”on the basis of the“free”cultural identity of various ethnic groups in ancient China along with the emergence of the strong other in modern times,but also revealed the critical time for the evolution of Chinese national consciousness from“being free”to“being self-conscious”and the cultural mechanism that promoted the evolution of Chinese national consciousness.