后工作时代的生活意义追问——基于人工智能发展前景的反思

In Quest of Meaning of Life in the post-work Era——Reflections on the Development Prospects of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能伦理学家约翰·达纳赫认为,在人工智能取代人类工作机会的后工作时代,人们将面临缺乏生活意义的危机,解决这一危机的途径可以是“人机融合”和“游戏乌托邦”。然而,这两个解决方案都有各自的问题,无法提供人类所需的意义。研究表明,即便技术性失业会出现,人类也依然能够找到方法去开发和塑造新的“工作”。此外,有偿工作并非人类获取意义的唯一来源,减少无意义的工作对于关怀伦理学家期待的家庭生活的繁荣是有益的。未来自动化的场景应该帮助我们减少无意义的工作量,而增加有意义工作的部分,这应成为引导技术发展的伦理方向。通过认真对待达纳赫的担忧,可以对什么是有意义的工作、如何理解成就等问题提供批判性的见解。

AI ethicist John Danaher believes that in the post-work era when artificial intelligence(Al)replaces human on the job market,people willface a crisis of lack of meaning in life,and the solution to this crisis can be“human-computer integration”and“game utopia”.However,both solutions have their own problems,and fail to provide the meaning that humanity needs.This paper argues that even when technological unemployment occurs,humans can still find ways to develop and shape new“jobs”.In addition,paid work is not the only source of meaning for mankind,and reducing meaningless work is beneficial for the prosperity of family life expected by ethicists of care.The future automation scenario should help us reduce the amount of meaningless work and increase the part of meaningful work,which should be the ethical direction to guide the development of technology.By taking Danaher's concerns seriously,this paper provides critical insight into such issues as what meaningful work is and how we should understand achievement.