马克思的文字之思与汉字美学

Marx's Thoughts on Written Languages and the Aesthetics of Chinese Characters

马克思晚年关注人类文字起源,思考“象形文字”相关问题,是“回到事情本身”的本原之思。汉字初文与图象思维和马克思实践观下的图象实践--“原初书写”有着密切关系。汉字之“意义”,尤其是深层之“本义”,正由“初文”之“图象”显示。汉字的“形、音、义”结构中,“形”、“义”直接发生关系。汉字“初文”直接捕捉“象”,以及此“象”直接指向“事物”。马克思对于人类交往实践的重视,启发了维特根斯坦的后期语言哲学。马克思对原初文字的关注,与早期人类交往中的手势语言密不可分。手势语言,以手“指”事、“言”事,乃指事之先声。汉字指事,使“事”这一无形可象的对象,能够用“指”这一带有强烈意向性的行为来图画,突出汉字美学中元图象可自指本身的美学核心。汉字迻译马克思文本,“勞動”二字所蕴含的汉字图象,相当程度上阐释了马克思劳动概念的内核,印证了马克思的文字之思。

In his old age,Marx focused on the origin of written languages and the subjects related to hieroglyphs,representing the return to“zu den Sachen selbst”style thinking.The original writing,the image practice in the Marxian concept of practice,has a close relationship with the original texts of Chinese characters and image thinking.The connotations of Chinese characters,especially its profound original connotations,are shown by the images of its original writings.In the structure of shapes,sounds and meanings of Chinese characters,the shapes and meanings build a direct relationship between each other.Original texts of Chinese characters directly capture images,and use such images to direct to things.Marx,whose emphasis on human communicative practice inspired Wittgenstein's later linguistic philosophy,showed an interest on original texts which is closely related with the sign languages of the early human communication.The sign languages,using the hands to refer to or talk about things,can be seen to herald the self-explanatory characters.The self-explanatory Chinese characters enable the things that cannot be expressed by images to be pictured by the strongly intentional action of self-explaining,thus emphasizing the aesthetic core of Chinese characters,i.e.,the proto images which are capable of selfexplaining.In using Chinese characters to translate Marxian texts,we can see that the two characters“劣”(labouring)can explain the core of Marxian concept of labouring to a great extent with the Chinese character images that they contain。