环卫工人职业选择的行动逻辑及其内在张力——基于上海陇上街区的田野调查

The Logic of Action and Its Internal Tension in Sanitation Workers'Career Choices——A Fieldwork Based on Longshang Neighborhood in Shanghai

城市环卫工人是底层劳动者群体的缩影,也是城市生活正常运转不可或缺的职业群体。基于理性选择的理论基础,通过对上海市陇上街区的田野调查,勾勒环卫工人的群体肖像和现实境遇,从生存理性、发展理性和价值理性等维度出发,可以系统探讨环卫工人职业选择的行动逻辑及其内在张力。研究发现,环卫工人的职业选择,是生存理性、发展理性和价值理性的耦合过程,既有生存理性与发展理性的协同,又有工具理性与价值理性的竞合,也是在结构性内外部约束下主动选择与被动选择的复杂产物。

Sanitation workers are the epitome of urban lower-level laborers,and also represent an indispensable occupational group for the normal operation of urban life.Based on the theoretical basis of rational choice,this paper outlines the group profile and realistic situation of sanitation workers through field investigation in Longshang Neighborhood of Shanghai,and systematically discusses the action logic and internal tension of sanitation workers'career choice from the dimensions of survival rationality,development rationality and value rationality.It is found that the career choice of sanitation workers is a coupling process of survival rationality,development rationality and value rationality,which not only has the synergy between survival rationality and development rationality,but also the competition and cooperation between instrumental rationality and value rationality;it is also a complex product of active choice and passive choice with structural constraints.