北魏《于烈碑》考

On the Stela of Yu Lie in the Northern Wei Dynasty

《金石錄》所收《于烈碑》蘊含北魏遷都洛陽前後政治、文化變動的重要信息。北魏前期統治集團具有圈層式結構,世馬侍臣的于氏是拱衛皇室的核心家族。這套政治秩序在孝文帝親政後瓦解,于烈經歷了從内侍親貴到翊衛武將的身份轉變。遷都前發達的内行官也是圈層結構的表徵,“行”字取“行列”意,“内行”即内層。司衛監是太和十五年左右新創的官號,以取代不够雅馴的内都幢將。北族常用生活地點之名馬部族或個人制名,這種習俗一度影響到加入拓跋朝廷的華夏人士,也隨着政權的文化轉型而逐漸隱卻。

The Stela of Yu Lie recorded in Jinshi lu contains important information about the political and cultural changes when the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang.In the early period,the ruling group had a concentric circle structure,and the Yu family was one of the core families that supported the imperial power.This political order collapsed after Emperor Xiaowen came to power,and Yu Lie experienced a change of status from a minister of the inner court to a general.Before the capital was moved,the developed officials of the inner court were also the symbol of the circle structure,and“nei hang”meant the innermost layer.“Siwei Jian”was a new official name created around the 15th year of Taihe to replace the less elegant“Nei Duchuangjiang”.The Xianbei people often used the names of their living places to name tribes or individuals,which as a custom once affected the Chinese people who joined the regime,but gradually faded with the cultural transformation.