耦合生态服务供需的县域农业空间生态保护修复分区——以宜兴市为例

Ecological conservation and restoration zoning of county-levelagricultural spatial ecology coupled with ecologicalservice supply and demand:A case study of Yixing

开展县域尺度农业空间生态保护修复分区研究,差异化推进区域生态保护与修复,对协调人地耦合系统、促进自然—社会的可持续发展具有现实意义。以宜兴市农业空间为研究对象,耦合生态系统服务的供给格局与需求格局,构建供需综合安全格局进行生态保护修复分区。结果发现:(1)宜兴市农业空间各项生态系统服务需求格局在自然因素和人类活动共同作用下,空间差异较大。土壤保持服务需求呈现东北高、西南低的总体格局;食物供给服务需求整体较高,空间上与人口分布类似;碳固存服务需求格局表现为“北高南低”;水源涵养服务需求在空间分布上较为均匀;生境质量保持服务需求在空间上呈八块状分区。(2)宜兴市农业空间土壤保持、碳固存、水源涵养以及生境质量保持生态系统服务的供给格局均表现出“南强北弱”的特征,而食物供给服务的高值区位于研究区东北方向及西部腰线区域。(3)依据供需综合安全水平,宜兴市农业空间可分为农业生态重塑区、农业生态优化区、农业生态护养区以及农业生态保育区。结合各分区土地利用现状,分别提出全局治理与重点区域生态重塑、整体优化与关键区域生态修复、综合生态养护与局部生态整治、严格生态保护与控制开发强度等差异化生态保护修复措施。研究为宜兴市及其他类似地区生态文明建设与农业空间规划提供参考。

Conducting research on agricultural spatial ecological protection and restorationzoning at the county level,and implementing differentiated ecological protection andrestoration measures,has practical significance for coordinating the human-land couplingsystem and promoting sustainable development of nature and society.This article takes theagricultural space of Yixing as the research scope,couples the supply and demand patterns ofecosystem services,and constructs a comprehensive supply and demand security pattern forecological protection and restoration zoning.The results show that:(1)The demand pattern forvarious ecosystem services in the agricultural space of Yixing is significantly different due tothe combined effects of natural factors and human activities.The demand for soil conservationservices presents an overall pattern of high in the northeast and low in the southwest;Theoverall demand for food supply services is high,similar to the spatial distribution ofpopulation;The demand pattern for carbon sequestration services is characterized by"high inthe north and low in the south";The demand for water conservation services is relativelyuniform in spatial distribution;The demand for habitat quality services is spatially divided intoeight blocks.(2)The supply pattern of ecosystem services for soil conservation,carbonsequestration,water source conservation,and habitat quality maintenance in Yixing'sagricultural space shows a"strong south and weak north"characteristic,while the high-valueareas for food supply services are located in the northeast and western waistline parts of theresearch area.(3)Based on the comprehensive level of supply and demand security,theagricultural space can be divided into agricultural ecological reshaping area,agriculturalecological optimization area,agricultural ecological protection area,and agricultural ecologicalconservation area.Based on the current land use status,differentiated ecological protection andrestoration measures are proposed for each district,such as global governance and key regionalecological reshaping,overall optimization and key regional ecological restoration,comprehensive ecological maintenance and local ecological remediation,strict ecologicalprotection and control of development intensity.The study provides reference for theconstruction of ecological civilization and agricultural spatial planning in Yixing and othersimilar areas.