易地扶贫搬迁集中安置对家庭劳动力非农就业促进效应及其机制研究——基于2014—2020年武陵山连片特困地区857户家庭7期追踪数据的分析

Effect of poverty alleviation relocation on non-farm employmentof household labor force and its mechanism:Based on the analysis of 7th-phase tracking data of 857 farmers in thepoverty-stricken areas of Wuling Mountain

通过构建易地扶贫搬迁集中安置促进劳动力非农就业动态理论模型,探析了易地扶贫搬迁集中安置对家庭劳动力非农就业促进效应的理论机制。在此基础上利用2014—2020年武陵山连片特困地区857户家庭的追踪数据,验证了易地扶贫搬迁集中安置对劳动力非农就业的促进效应及其作用机制。研究表明:易地扶贫搬迁集中安置有效促进了家庭非农就业占比和跨区域就业。政府通过提供就业岗位、协助对接企业就业等措施,有效促进了搬迁前无非农就业经历家庭非农就业人数增加和非农就业地点变化。机制分析发现,农业特色产业扶持、提供职业技能培训、定向劳务派遣、组织招工会在易地扶贫搬迁集中安置促进家庭非农就业占比的政策效应中存在中介效应。研究提出,应当针对易地扶贫搬迁集中安置群体分类开展就业创业扶持,着力稳定易地扶贫搬迁集中安置群体就业规模。加强公共服务与后续扶持政策结合,助力易地扶贫搬迁集中安置群体更好地实现经济融入。

The study explores the effects of centralized poverty alleviation relocation on thepromotion of non-farm employment of household labor by constructing a theoreticalmechanism model.On this basis,using the tracking data of 857 households in the contiguousareas of dire poverty in the Wuling Mountain from 2014 to 2020,we empirically verified thepromotion effect and mechanism of centralized poverty alleviation relocation on the non-farmemployment of labor force.The study shows that the centralized poverty alleviation relocationincreased the proportion of non-farm and cross-regional employment of households.Thegovernment has effectively promoted changes in the location of non-farm employment ofhouseholds without non-farm experience by providing job positions and assisting in matchingwith enterprises for employment and other measures.The mechanism analysis found that thesupport of agricultural characteristic industries,the provision of vocational skills training,targeted labor dispatch,and the organization of recruitment meetings have mediating effects inthe policy of centralized poverty alleviation relocation in raising the share of households in nonfarm employment.The study proposes that employment and entrepreneurship support shouldbe carried out for different relocated groups in a different way,and efforts should be made tostabilize the employment scale of relocated groups.Public services should be strengthened,andfollow-up support policies should be combined to help the relocated groups achieve economicbenefits more quickly.