有机种植方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的影响

The Effect of Organic Management on Soil pH in Tea Gardens

土壤过度酸化是影响茶产业持续健康发展的主要因素之一,为了解有机管理方式对茶园土壤酸碱度的长期影响,以常规茶园为对照,研究了我国18个省份84个产茶县有机管理1~21 a对茶园土壤pH的影响。结果表明,有机茶园比常规茶园土壤pH平均高0.36,达极显著水平;随着有机管理年份的增加,茶园土壤pH总体为先显著上升、后显著下降并维持相对平稳,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的pH比常规茶园分别高0.48、0.23、0.28和0.30,均达显著或极显著水平;有机管理方式还有利于土壤pH向最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展,pH 4.5~5.5的茶园占比,常规茶园为41.9%,有机管理1~5、6~10、11~15、16~21 a的茶园分别为53.1%、48.9%、58.7%和66.7%,总体随有机管理年限的增加而增加。可见,有机管理方式能防止茶园土壤严重酸化,使土壤pH向着最适合茶树生长发育的方向发展。

Soil excessive acidification is one of the main problems affecting the sustainable and healthy development of tea industry.To understand the long-term impact of organic management on soil pH of tea gardens,this study selected both soil samples from organic and conventional tea gardens in 84 tea producing counties of 18 provinces in China.The organic tea garden was managed organically from 1 to 21 years.The results show that the mean soil pH in organic tea gardens was significantly increased by 0.36,compared to the conventional tea gardens.With the increase of the years under organic management,the overall pH of tea garden soil shows a significant rise,and then a stable trend.The soil pH under organic management for 1-5,6-10,11-15 and 16-21 a significantly increased by 0.48,0.23,0.28 and 0.30,respectively compared to those in conventional tea gardens.The organic management also helped the soil pH towards the direction for most suitable growth and development of tea plants,the proportion of soils with pH 4.5-5.5 was only 41.9%in conventional tea gardens,it was increased to 53.1%、48.9%、58.7%and 66.7%in tea gardens under organic management for 1-5,6-10,11-15 and 16-21 a,respectively.These results indicate that organic management could not only overcome soil over acidification,but towards to the direction of the most suitable soil pH for the growth and development of tea plants.