肘关节尺侧副韧带横束的解剖学研究

An anatomical study of the transverse bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament and clinical significance

目的观察肘关节尺侧副韧带(UCL)的形态特征,对横束(TB)划分解剖学类型,为肘关节韧带的外科诊治,提供基础资料。方法71例结构完整的人上肢标本,解剖并观察TB的形态特征及变异,依据其与前束(AB)的关系划分类型;分别测量AB与TB的长度、起点宽度、止点宽度等。结果(1)根据TB与AB纤维的融合方式分为:(1)Ⅰ型:TB的末端与AB远侧半融合,二者纤维呈“L”型45例;(2)Ⅱ型:TB的末端与AB的纤维呈弧形融合26例。(2)与男性相比,Ⅱ型更多地出现在女性,两性在类型构成上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性与女性AB的长度分别是(31.27±6.22)mm、(26.61±3.40)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于TB的分型是对UCL解剖结构的重要补充;TB与AB的融合以Ⅰ型为主,TB协助AB、PB共同维持肘关节稳定。

Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of the transverse bundle(TB)of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow joint.Methods 71 adult elbow joints were dissected and the anatomic features of the TB were noted.The lengths,widths of the origins and insertions of the AB and TB were measured with a digital vernier caliber.Results(1)The TB was divided into two types according to the relation with AB:①typeⅠ,the TB was continued to the distal half with the AB in 45 cases.②typeⅡ,the TB was continued to the entire AB in 26 cases,which was significantly more frequently observed in females than those of males(P<0.05).(2)There was a significant difference in length of AB between male and female(P<0.05).Conclusions The TB frequently continues to the distal half of the AB,which may have important implications for the surgical reconstruction of elbow ligaments.