清代赣南山区移民的山林经营--以张家地周氏文书为例

Mountain Forest Management by Immigrants in Gannan Mountainous Areas in the Qing Dynasty:A Case Study of the Zhou Clan’s Instruments in Zhangjiadi

赣南山区为明清之际移民的山区开发活动提供了广阔的舞台,在此过程中,移民的山林经营方式是山区社会经济史研究的重点内容之一。发现于兴国县张家地的周氏文书种类丰富,涉及山林交易文书繁多,以此为切入点,能够展现兴国张家地周氏山林经营的情况,揭示周氏山林经营具有跨行政区交易,山林、房屋、田地混合交易,利用山林资源进行融资等特点。周氏的山林经营方式是赣南山区开发的一个缩影,其个案对于探讨赣南山区不同的林业财产形态与交易方式,揭示中国传统山区社会与外来移民家族之间的互动关系有着重要意义。

Gannan mountainous regions provides a broad stage for the mountain development of the immigrants during the Ming and Qing dynasties.The ways the immigrants operated their mountain forests during that period are the focus of research on the social and economic history of mountainous regions.The Zhou Clan’s documents found in Zhangjiadi,Xingguo County,are rich in variety and involve a large number of mountain forest transactions.The documents can be used to show the situation of the Zhou Clan’s forest management in Zhangjiadi,and reveal the characteristics of their management such as transactions of cross-administrative regions,mixed transactions of mountains,forests,houses and fields,and the use of mountain forest resources for financing.The Zhou Clan’s mountain forest management modes are a microcosm of the development of Gannan mountainous areas,and its case is useful for exploring the different forestry property forms and transaction ways in this area,and for revealing the interaction between traditional Chinese mountainous societies and foreign immigrant families.