纵式轴流油莎豆脱粒分离装置设计与试验

Design and Experimental Study on Longitudinal Axial Flow Threshing and Separating Device for Cyperus esculentus

为了解决油莎豆收获过程中破损率高、脱净率低等问题,结合现有的农作物脱粒分离装置的特点,设计了一款纵式轴流油莎豆脱粒分离装置。对该装置的脱粒滚筒、螺旋喂入头、凹版筛等关键部件进行了设计。对脱粒滚筒进行应力和模态分析,确定设计的合理性,并通过试验确定了影响脱粒性能的主要因素,利用搭建的纵式轴流油莎豆脱粒分离试验台进行单因素试验,得到了脱粒分离性能较好的滚筒转速及脱粒间隙的变化范围。以滚筒转速、脱粒间隙和脱粒元件材料为试验因素,以籽粒破损率、未脱净率为指标进行三因素三水平正交试验。结果表明:对籽粒破损率和未脱净率影响由大到小均为滚筒转速、脱粒间隙、脱粒元件材料;最优工作参数组合为转速367.55 r·min-1、脱粒间隙4.18 mm,脱粒元件为聚氨酯橡胶,此时的未脱净率为0.751%,破损率为0.906%。对该组合进行试验验证,各指标符合国家相关标准要求。

In order to solve the problems of high damage rate and low underthreshing rate during the harvesting process of oil Cyperus esculentus,a threshing and separating device for Cyperus esculentus was designed.The key components of the device,such as the threshing drum,the feeding auger,the concave,etc.,were designed.Stress and modal analysis were conducted on the threshing drum to determine the rationality of the design.The main factors affecting the threshing performance were determined through experiments.The single-factor test was carried out using the Cyperus esculentus threshing and separation test bed constructed to obtain the variation range of drum rotational speed and threshing gap with better threshing and separation performance.A three-factor,three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted with drum speed,threshing gap and threshing element material as experimental factors,and seed damage rate and underthreshing rate as indicators.The results show that the greatest to least influence of the factors on the seed damage rate and the underthreshing rate of uncleaned are drum speed,threshing gap,threshing element material;the optimal parameter combination is rotational speed of 367.55 r·min-1,threshing gap of 4.18 mm,and the material of threshing element is polyurethane rubber,then the underthreshing rate is 0.751%,and the damage rate is 0.906%.The combination was tested and verified,and the indicators met the requirements of the relevant standards.