人口均衡观与人口优化观的辨析

Population Balance and Population Optimization:A Comparative Analysis

长期以来,实现人口长期均衡发展一直是国家人口发展目标,但在人口非均衡发展的事实面前理论解释力却遇到了挑战。随着以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化命题的提出,我国的人口治理观也要顺势转变,这就是全方位、全要素、全生态的人口优化观的提出。人口优化发展的核心要义即人口高质量发展,强调人口发展整体功能的完好状态。本文认为:我国应当坚持“大人口观”,在人口负增长时代,宜遵循“人的自由全面发展—人口的高质量发展”的人口优化路径,走质量—数量—结构统筹优化的内涵式人口发展道路。人口是一个特殊的人文生态,通过人口的生态改良达致人口优化甚为必要,缩小城乡差别、打破阶层固化、遏制贫富分化均是题中应有之义。唯有如此,才能扎实推进中国式现代化和实现中华民族伟大复兴这一宏伟目标。

Achieving long-term balanced population development has long been a national goal in China's population policy.However,the theoretical framework for this goal struggles to address the complexities of actual unbalanced population growth.The advent of supporting Chinese-style modernization with a focus on high-quality population development necessitates a shift in China's approach to population governance.This shift introduces a holistic,multi-dimensional,and integrated approach to population optimization.At the core of this approach is an emphasis on high-quality population development that prioritizes the overall functional well-being of the population.This paper argues for maintaining the focus on a large population strategy in the face of negative population growth.It suggests that China should pursue a development strategy that promotes the holistic and free development of individuals,thereby ensuring the high-quality development of the population.This involves seeking a balanced approach to optimizing the quality,quantity,and structure of the population.Viewing the population as an integrated system,it is crucial to pursue population optimization by improving population dynamics,reducing urban-rural disparities,dismantling class barriers,and mitigating economic inequality.Such measures are essential to robustly advancing Chinese-style modernization and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.