“个体家庭化”视域下的中国互助养老

Mutual-aid for the Elderly Care in China under the Perspective of"Individual Familiarization"

“个体家庭化”关系事实下,中国互助养老行动实为基于“家庭化”的“去家庭化”,即不同家庭之间的互助交换。基于结构二重性的质性研究发现,在家庭权利义务与社会人情互惠规则共同作用下,亲-子-孙三代家庭成员及其资源嵌入互助养老,产生连带效应和结构效应,实现互助养老的福利自生产。连带效应中,主互惠诱发连续互惠和示范互惠,促使互助养老从两个家庭延展至多个家庭;结构效应中,老年照料对家庭的亲密介入,拉动互助关系“拟家庭化”,既引发家庭资源变化与家庭关系调整,也引发家庭内外的社会网络共享,对互助养老福利生产产生赋能和羁绊双重效用。此外,家庭加持会改变个体在互助养老网络中的位置,增能产生聚集组织效应,减能产生下降甚至边缘化效应。

Under the"individual familialization"relationship,the micro action of mutual assistance for elderly care is actually a"defamilialization"based on"familialization",i.e.a reciprocal exchange between different families.Under the joint action of family rights,obligations and social reciprocity rules,the three generations of family members and their resources are embedded in mutual assistance for elderly care,resulting in joint and structural effects,and realizing the self production of welfare for mutual assistance for elderly care.In the cascading effect,the main reciprocity induces continuous reciprocity and demonstration reciprocity,promoting mutual assistance in elderly care to extend from two families to multiple families;In the structural effect,the intimate intervention of elderly care in families drives the"quasi familialization"of mutual aid relationships,which not only leads to changes in family resources and adjustments in family relationships,but also triggers the sharing of relationship networks,and has a dual effect of empowering and binding the production of mutual aid pension benefits.In addition,family support changes the position of individuals in the mutual assistance pension network,increasing their ability to generate aggregation and organizational effects,or reducing their ability to generate decline and even marginalization effects.