互动与转向:明清学术流变之下的书院教育——以湖北书院为中心的考察

Interaction and Transformation:Academy Education under the Academic Changes of the Ming and Qing Dynasties--A Study Centered on Hubei Academy

书院教育与学术流变息息相关。明中后期开始,随着传统学术发展的流变,在心学、理学的竞争中讲学日渐兴盛,湖北书院也逐渐发展壮大。乾嘉时期,考据学兴盛,湖北书院教育和学术主潮随之发生了新的变化。清末,随着内忧外患的现实危机及经世思潮的兴起,张之洞积极改革以两湖书院、经心书院等为代表的湖北书院的教育内容,讲授经世实学,大力宣扬西学,以培养实用人才,最终促使传统书院转变为新式学堂。

Academy education is closely related to academic changes.Starting from the mid to late Ming Dynasty,with the evolution of traditional academic development,lectures became increasingly prosperous in the competition between psychology and Neo Confucianism,and Hubei Academy also gradually developed and grew.During the Kangxi and Qianlong periods,the rise of textual research brought about new changes in the education and academic trends of Hubei academies.In the late Qing Dynasty,with the actual crisis of internal and external troubles and the rise of practical thinking,Zhang Zhidong actively reformed the educational content of Hubei Academy,represented by Lianghu Academy and Jingxin Academy,teaching practical learning of the world,vigorously promoting Western learning,and cultivating practical talents,and ultimately promoted the transformation of traditional academies into modern schools.