基于无人机遥感的长江经济带自然资源环境承载力评价——以蕲春县大同镇为例

Evaluation of Natural Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity for Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on UAV Remote Sensing and Artificial Intelligence:Taking Datong Town in Qichun County as an example

推动长江经济带发展是国家重大战略决策,而自然资源环境与经济社会的协调发展是生态文明建设的客观需要。目前关于自然资源环境承载力评价的研究成果很多,但大多未全面考虑“山水林田湖草”生命共同体的主要要素;随着无人机技术的发展和推广应用,利用无人机遥感可获得高精度自然资源环境因子。为此,从“山水林田湖草”生命共同体理念出发,选取土地资源等4个一级指标、人均耕地面积等11个二级指标,采用层次分析法构建自然资源环境承载力评价体系;选取地处长江经济带中部、大别山南麓的黄冈市蕲春县大同镇为研究区,利用无人机采集高精度正射影像数据,通过遥感影像解译,得到人均耕地面积等7个指标的分布规律;根据统计数据,得到人口密度等4个指标的分布规律。在此基础上,利用ArcGIS空间分析功能,得到自然资源环境承载力评价结果。结果表明,高承载力、中等承载力、低承载力村庄所占比例分别为19%、55%、26%,研究区自然资源环境承载力总体处于中等水平及以上。该研究丰富和拓展了传统资源环境承载力评价的研究思路和方法,研究结果可为管理部门制定区域发展规划和生态保护、修复方案提供依据和支撑。

Promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a major strategic decision of the state,and the coordinated development of natural resources,environment and economy and society is the objective need of ecological civilization construction.At present,there are many research results on the evaluation of natural resources and environment carrying capacity,but most of them do not fully consider the six elements of‘mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grass’.In addition,with the development and application of UAV technology,high-precision natural resources and environmental factors can be obtained by using UAV remote sensing technology.Therefore,based on the concept of‘mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grass’life community,four first-level indicators such as land resources and 11 second-level indicators such as per capita cultivated land area were selected,and the evaluation system of natural resources and environment carrying capacity was established by use of the analytic hierarchy process.Datong Town,Qichun County,Huanggang City,which is located in the middle of the Yangtze River economic belt,was taken as an example.The distribution law of seven indicators such as per capita cultivated land area is obtained through remote sensing image interpretation for high-precision ortho image data collected by UAV,and the distribution rules of four indexes such as population density were obtained according to the statistical data.On this basis,the evaluation results of natural resources and environmental carrying capacity were obtained by using ArcGIS spatial analysis function.The results show that the proportion of villages with high carrying capacity,medium carrying capacity and low carrying capacity was 19%,55%and 26%,respectively.In general,the natural resources and environmental carrying capacity of the research area is at or above the medium level.This paper enriches and expands the research ideas and methods of the traditional resource and environment carrying capacity assessment,and the research results provide the basis and support for the management department to make regional development plans and ecological protection and restoration schemes.