公众对气象灾害预警信息接收情况及其影响因素——基于全国3911份调查问卷的实证研究

Public Reception of Early Warning Information of Meteorological Disasters and the Influencing Factors--An Empirical Study of Based on 3911 Questionnaires

为了更好地了解公众对预警信息的接收情况,确保预警信息内容看得懂,传播准确到位,更好提高公众的危机应对能力。采用问卷法在全国范围内进行随机抽样调查,并对其影响因素进行系统分析和研究。研究结果表明,根据调查样本的年龄段不同,对于是否接收到过预警信息以及预警信息的接收渠道存在较大差异,尤其是60岁以上和18岁以下人群对于预警信息的接收能力较弱;公众对于预警内容通俗易懂程度上的调查表明小学及以下文化程度的人群对预警信息的理解上还存在一定困难,应加强平时的科普宣传以便增强对预警内容的理解;大多数受众人群都认为预警信息或多或少对自身是有一定作用的,占到总人数的99.54%,且有74%的人群认为预警信息非常有用。其中学生和自由职业者等自身防护能力较弱或长期暴露在户外时间较长的人群对预警信息的需求明显高于企事业单位职工和离退休职工等人群。因此在预警信息的传播上对于特定敏感人群的靶向发布就显得尤为重要。

In order to better understand the public reception of early warning information,ensure that the content of early warning information can be understood,spread accurately,and better improve the public's ability to deal with the crisis.Using the method of questionnaire,a random sampling survey was carried out all over the country,and the influencing factors were systematically analyzed and studied.The results show that,According to the age of the survey samples,there are great differences in whether early warning information has been received and the receiving channels of early warning information.Especially,people over 60 years old and under 18 years old have weak ability to receive early warning information.The public survey on the easy-to-understand content of early warning shows that there are still some difficulties in the understanding of early warning information among people with primary school education and below,and the publicity of popular science should be strengthened in order to enhance the understanding of early warning content.Most of the audience believe that early warning information is more or less useful to them,accounting for 99.54%of the total population,and 74%of the population think that early warning information is very useful.Among them,the demand for early warning information of students and freelancers who have weak self-protection ability or long-term exposure to the outdoors for a long time is significantly higher than that of employees of enterprises and institutions and retired workers.Therefore,the targeted release of early warning information for specific sensitive groups is particularly important.