基于混合FTMM-SEA法的高速列车真空玻璃车窗隔声特性预测与分析

Prediction and Analysis on Sound Insulation Characteristics of Vacuum Glass Windows for High-speed Trains Based on Hybrid FTMM-SEA Method

真空玻璃在轻质高隔声方面的性能优势尤为突出,将其用于高速列车车窗是轻量化高速列车车内噪声控制的新型解决方案。将声波在真空玻璃中的传播分解为沿真空层和沿声桥结构的两条独立传播路径,分别使用有限传递矩阵法(FTMM)和统计能量分析法(SEA)计算两条路径的声功率传递系数,建立基于混合FTMM-SEA法的真空玻璃车窗结构隔声量预测模型,并通过实测真空玻璃混响隔声量验证模型的准确性。进一步调查分析声桥结构刚度对耦合板间能量传递、真空玻璃隔声特性的影响。结果表明:减小声桥结构刚度是提高真空玻璃车窗隔声性能的一种有效的方法。与刚性声桥相比,柔性声桥具备更好的能量吸收能力与隔振特性。

The use of vacuum glass,with prominent lightweight and high sound insulation advantages,for high-speed train windows is a new solution for reducing interior noise in lightweight high-speed trains.This paper presented a hybrid method of Finite Transfer Matrix Method(FTMM)and Statistical Energy Analysis(SEA)to predict the Sound Transmission Loss(STL)of a vacuum glass window.The propagation of sound waves in vacuum glass windows was divided into two independent paths:the airborne path(along the vacuum layer)and the structure-borne path(along sound bridges).The FTMM and SEA methods were used separately for the calculation of the sound power transmission coefficients of the two paths.The models were verified by comparison with measured data.Further investigation was conducted on the effects of the stiffness of sound bridges on the energy transfer between coupling plates and STL of the vacuum glass.The results show that reducing the stiffness of the sound bridges is an effective method to increase the STL of the vacuum glass windows.Compared to the rigid sound supports,the soft support is more efficient in absorbing energy and isolating vibration.