毕节植烟土壤K、Ca、Mg元素的分布特征与评价

Distribution Characteristics and Evaluation of K,Ca and Mg in Soil in Bijie Tobacco-growing Area

分析了2022年贵州毕节8个产烟县(市)具有代表性的76个烟田土壤样品和273个C3F烟叶样品,结果表明:毕节植烟土壤的pH值平均为6.29,其中,黔西和赫章相对较高而大方与金沙相对较低。大多数地区土壤速效K处于高或极高水平,交换性Mg处于适宜或较高水平,但少部分烟区存在缺K和Mg的现象,土壤交换性Ca的比例差异较大。此外,各烟区烟叶K和Ca含量变化与其在土壤中变化规律基本一致,部分烟区烟叶可能会出现生理性缺镁的现象。由此可知,毕节烟区土壤K、Mg和Ca水平总体上表现良好,部分烟区应注意土壤中K和Ca的施入,同时应注意Mg肥与其他肥料之间的拮抗而造成烟叶的生理性缺镁。

Soil samples from 76 tobacco fields and 273 C3F tobacco leaves in 8 tobacco-growing counties(cities)in Bijie City,Guizhou Province in 2022 were analyzed.The results showed that the average pH of soil in Bijie was 6.29,in which,pH of the soil was relatively high in Qianxi and Hezhang,but was relatively low in Dafang and Jinsha.In most areas,available K of the soil was at high or extremely high level,and exchangeable Mg was at suitable or relatively high level.However,the content of available K and exchangeable Mg in the soil was still lacking in a small number of tobacco areas,and the proportion of exchangeable calcium in soil varied greatly.The changes of K and Ca contents in tobacco leaves were basically consistent with those in soil,and physiological Mg deficiency may occur in some tobacco leaves.The above results indicate that the content of K,Mg and Ca of soil in Bijie tobacco areas are generally good,but some tobacco areas should pay attention to the application of K and Ca in the soil.At the same time,it is necessary to pay attention to the antagonism between Mg and other nutrients,which may cause physiological magnesium deficiency in tobacco leaves.