高职教育产教融合利益相关者博弈与对策分析

Analysis of Stakeholder Games and Countermeasures for the Integration of Industry and Education in Higher Vocational Education

高职产教融合利益主体的博弈是指在一定的制度条件下,利益主体根据自身掌握的信息和能力认知相互作用,做出有利于自身行为的过程。产教融合利益主体在博弈过程中存在的问题有:学校存在学生“专升本”博弈、迎合上级政策、目标发生偏移等问题;政府存在不同部门间的推诿、以政府为中心博弈等问题;企业存在合作对象错位、搭便车博弈和“被理想化”等问题;行业组织存在着功能缺失、行业不良竞争与垄断等问题。基于此,应以学生为本,完善学生利益保障制度;关注现实需求,探索多样化的产教融合模式;优化多元治理路径,更好发挥行业组织功能。

The game of stakeholders in the integration of industry and education in higher vocational education refers to the process under certain institutional conditions,in which stakeholders interact with each other based on their own information and abilities,and make behaviors that are beneficial to themselves.The problems that exist in the game process of the integration of industry and education among stakeholders include:the game of students upgrading from vocational school to undergraduate colleges and universities,catering to higher-level policies,and the deviation of goals in schools;the government facing problems such as shifting blame between different government departments and playing games centered around the government;enterprises facing problems such as mismatched cooperation partners,free-riding games,and issues of being idealized;industry organizations facing issues such as functional deficiencies,unhealthy competition,and monopolies.Based on this,strategies such as prioritizing students and improving the system for safeguarding their interests,paying attention to practical needs and exploring diverse models of industryeducation integration,and optimizing diversified governance and bettering leverage industry organizational functions are proposed.