苏北地区奶牛乳房炎乳汁中微生物菌群结构及多样性调查分析

Investigation and analysis of microflora structure and diversity in milk of dairy cows with mastitis in northern Jiangsu Province

旨在通过比较苏北地区健康奶牛和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中的微生物菌群结构和多样性,分析不同养殖场奶牛乳腺中的主要常驻菌,为防控奶牛乳房炎的发生提供基础数据和科学依据。针对苏北地区3个规模化奶牛养殖场随机采集137份乳样,采用加州乳房炎检测法筛选健康奶牛和乳房炎奶牛,通过对奶样中细菌的16S rRNA测序分析,揭示该地区奶牛乳房炎的流行趋势。结果表明:该地区3个规模化奶牛养殖场乳房炎的平均阳性率为420%,其中,养殖场A的主要乳房炎致病菌是木糖葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus xylosus)、松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae),养殖场B的致病菌主要是肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和木糖葡萄球菌,而养殖场C奶牛乳房炎阳性比例少,仅有少量的木糖葡萄球菌。此外,伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia)、克雷伯菌(Klebsiella)、链球菌(Streptococcus)和草螺菌(Herbaspirillum)是奶牛乳腺中优势常驻菌。研究表明,16S rRNA测序分析技术能够很好地筛选出乳样中的主要菌属,进而分析优势常驻菌,为防控奶牛乳房炎提供参考。

The aim of this study was to compare the microbial community structure and diversity in the milk of healthy cows and mastitis-inflicted cows in northern Jiangsu Province,to analyze the main resident bacteria in the mammary glands of cows in different breeding farms,and to provide basic data and scientific basis for the prevention and control of mastitis in cows.Here,137 milk samples were randomly col-lected from three large-scale dairy farms in the studied area,and healthy dairy cows and dairy cows with mastitis were screened using the California mastitis detection method.In order to reveal the epidemic trend of dairy cow mastitis in this area,bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to analyze milk samples.The results showed that the positive rate of recessive mastitis in three large-scale dairy farms in northern Jiangsu was 420%.Among them,the main mastitis pathogens in Farm A were Staphylococcus xylosus,Staphylococcus sciuri,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae;and in Farm B,Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus xylosus.However,the positive rate of mastitis of dairy cows in Farm C was low,with only a small amount of Staphylococcus xylosus.In addition,Burkholderia,Klebsiella,Streptococcus and Herbaspiril-lum are the dominant resident bacteria in the healthy mammary glands.To conclude,the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis technology effectively screened out the main bacteria genera in the samples,and analyzed the dominant resident bacteria in a certain area,providing a reliable sci-entific basis for revealing the epidemic trend of pathogenic bacteria in the area.