多模态影像技术在儿童症状性癫痫中的应用进展

Research progress of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in children with symptomatic epilepsy

儿童是癫痫的好发人群,由于其中枢神经系统处于发育阶段,所以病因更加复杂、表现形式更加多样,早期诊断和及时、有效处理能减少儿童中枢神经损伤,最大程度地保护患儿的脑功能。根据有无明显抽搐可将癫痫分为惊厥性和非惊厥性,而非惊厥性因无明显临床症状,诊断相对比较困难,容易导致误诊而延误治疗,明确诊断需要依靠脑电图(癫痫样或节律性放电)。随着影像检查手段的不断发展,明确癫痫病因、定位癫痫病灶的方式更加多样化,定位更加准确,同时功能成像检查方式也使得早期评估癫痫的脑功能变化成为可能。本文就近年来症状性儿童癫痫的MRI及其与正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography,PET)融合应用的研究进展及临床应用进行综述,旨在为今后的相关研究提供参考和借鉴。

Children with epilepsy are a group that is particularly vulnerable to developing brain damage due to the developmental stage of the central nervous system.The causes of epilepsy in children are more complex and diverse,and the symptoms can take various forms.Early diagnosis and effective treatment can reduce the damage to the child's cerebral cortex,and maximize the brain function.According to whether there is obvious convulsions,epilepsy can be divided into convulsions and non-convulsions.Convulsions are easier to diagnose than non-convulsions,which can lead to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.To confirm a diagnosis,it is necessary to use electroencephalography,which generates or exhibits rhythmic electrical discharges.With the continuous development of imaging techniques,it has become possible to identify the causes of epilepsy and locate the seizure foci more accurately and precisely.Additionally,functional imaging techniques have made it possible to early assess the changes in brain function during the early stage of epilepsy.In this article,we reviewed the research progress and clinical application of MRI and its fusion with positron emission tomography(PET)in children with symptomatic epilepsy in recent,the aim is to provide reference and reference for the related research in the future.