实践逻辑与超越向度:从《哥达纲领批判》中分配正义理论到彰显共同富裕的基本分配制度

Practical Logic and Transcendental Dimensions:From the Theory of Distributive Justice in Critique of the Gotha Program to a Basic Distribution System of Manifesting Common Prosperity

“坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存,构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系”的基本分配制度,是对马克思分配正义理论的继承与超越,是中国化时代化的马克思分配正义理论,彰显了新时代中国特色社会主义的分配正义。从《哥达纲领批判》中马克思对“铁的工资规律”的反对到我国分配制度中劳动的合正义性前提,从马克思阐述的按劳分配的相对正义性到我国创新的按贡献分配,从马克思以历史唯物主义视角审视分配正义到我国基本分配制度兼容并蓄各派分配理论合理因素,从马克思否定“把不折不扣的劳动所得分配给社会一切成员”到我国实现了新时代的分配公平,从马克思勾画的科学社会主义分配正义蓝图到我国国家治理中的共建共治共享,我国基本分配制度在多维度上继承和超越了马克思在《哥达纲领批判》等经典著作中阐述的分配正义理论,形成了中国化时代化的马克思分配正义理论,即具有共同富裕属性的新时代中国特色政治经济学分配理论并指导我国的分配实践。

The basic distribution system,which“upholds the principle of distribution according to labor as the primary mode while accommodating various distribution methods,and constructs a coordinated system of initial distribution,redistribution,and tertiary distribution”,represents both the inheritance and transcendence of Marx s theory of distributive justice.It embodies a Chinese version of Marx s distributive justice theory in the era of China s modernization,showcasing the distributive justice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.From Marx s critique of the“iron law of wages”in Critique of the Gotha Program to the premise of labor justice in China s distribution system,from Marx s exposition of the relative justice of distribution according to labor to China s innovation of distribution according to contribution,from Marx s examination of distributive justice from the perspective of historical materialism to China s basic distribution system incorporating rational elements from various distribution theories,from Marx s rejection of“distributing the full proceeds of labor to all members of society”to China s realization of fair distribution in the new era,from Marx s delineation of the blueprint for distributive justice under scientific socialism to the co-construction,co-governance,and sharing in China s national governance,China s basic distribution system inherits and surpasses Marx s theory of distributive justice in classic works such as Critique of the Gotha Program,forming a Chinese version of Marx s distributive justice theory in the era of China s modernization.It is a political economy theory of distribution with the attribute of common prosperity,representing the characteristics of new-era China and guiding China s distribution practices.