谁是主权国家的他者——列维纳斯责任伦理对构建人类命运共同体的启示

Who is the Other for Sovereign States?Insights from Levinas' Responsibility Ethics on Constructing a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

列维纳斯责任伦理可以归纳如下:自由植根于善良之中,而善良意味着责任,意味着能够回应他者的苦难与呼唤,而这一回应他者的能力最初发端于他者之脸对我的触发。回应他者的能力正是“正义”这一概念的本质所在。正义优先于自由,正义授权了自由,这一列维纳斯责任伦理的核心洞见对我们思考人类命运共同体的构建极具启发意义。作为一个精神伦理事件,人类命运共同体奠基于各大文明内在精神深处汇通的可能性之上。而文明之汇通正是汇通于人与人之间的伦理关系——正义之中。但正义之开启需要“他者之脸”的呼唤,在国际舞台上,这一能够向主权唤起正义的“他者”是“人民”。

Levinas' responsibility ethics can be summarized as follows:freedom finds its roots in kindness,with kindness embodying responsibility and the capacity to respond to others' sufferings and calls,and this ability to respond to others originated from the trigger of the other's face to me.The essence of“justice”is precisely this ability to respond to others.Justice takes precedence over freedom,and justice authorizes freedom.These core insights of Levinas responsibility ethics offer profound enlightenment on envisioning a community with a shared future for mankind.As a spiritual-ethical event,a community with a shared future for mankind is based on the potential for convergence within the spiritual cores of major civilizations.Such convergence,fundamentally,is through ethical relationships among people—embodied in justice.But the beginning of justice needs the call of“the face of the other”.On the international stage,the“others”who are capable of invoking justice in sovereignty are the“people”.