伦理德性的规范化改造:历史渊源、概念重构与理论嬗变——基于托马斯·阿奎那伦理思想的考察

The Normative Transformation of Ethical Virtue:Historical Origins,Conceptual Reconstruction and Theoretical Evolution:A Study of Thomas Aquinas Ethical Thoughts

托马斯•阿奎那作为中世纪最杰出的经院哲学家,通过对亚里士多德伦理思想的处境化改造,发展出古典德性伦理学的又一经典形态。阿奎那运用经院哲学的实践人性论,以良心概念为中介,将自然法置入德性论框架之中,并对伦理德性进行了重新诠释。经由阿奎那改造的德性论在形式和内容上更具确定性,对伦理德性的规范化改造一方面使得德性与规则的界限变得模糊,另一方面也导致了实践目的论的弱化。对阿奎那的伦理德性改造方案的反思有助于进一步明确德性和规则两种实践因素的差异,为当代德性伦理学的研究提供支持。

Thomas Aquinas,as the most outstanding scholarly philosopher in the Middle Ages,developed another classic form of classical virtue ethics through the contextual transformation of Aristotle s ethical ideas.Utilizing the practical human nature theory within scholastic philosophy,with the concept of conscience as a mediator,Aquinas integrated natural law into the virtue ethics framework,offering a new reinterpretation of ethical virtues.The theory of virtue modified by Aquinas gains increased clarity in form and content.The normative transformation of ethical virtues not only blurs the boundary between virtue and rules,but also weakens the practical teleology.Reflection on Aquinas transformation plan helps to further clarify the differences between virtue and rules,providing support for contemporary research in virtue ethics.