大型机载油箱电位分布与静电击穿仿真研究

Simulation Study on Potential Distribution and Electrostatic Breakdown of Large Airborne Fuel Tank

低导电性的航空燃油在流经管路阀门等结构时会带有一定量的静电荷,这些静电荷最终会汇入燃油油箱。对于载油量较大的不规则飞机油箱,静电规律的数值计算与试验测量均不便展开。本文采用数值仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics对油箱在充油过程中静电电位分布、静电放电电位和静电打火能进行仿真计算,并且对油位高度以及初始电荷密度对油箱静电放电及打火可能性的影响进行研究。通过计算充油过程中产生静电放电所需的最小击穿电压和产生静电带有的能量,对油箱内电位是否会引起静电击穿和引燃油箱内混合气体进行分析,为静电引起的油箱爆炸的风险评估提供了一种新思路。

Aviation fuel with low conductivity will carry a certain amount of static charges when flowing through pipelines and other structures.These static charges will eventually flow into the fuel tank.It is inconvenient to carry out the numerical calculation and experimental measurement of the static electricity in the irregular fuel tank with large fuel load.The simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics is used to calculate the electrostatic potential distribution,electrostatic discharge potential and electrostatic ignition energy during the oil charging process.The effects of oil level height and initial charge density on the electrostatic discharge and ignition possibility of oil tank are studied.By calculating the minimum breakdown voltage required for generating electrostatic discharge during oil charging and the energy carried by electrostatic,we can analyze whether the potential in the oil tank will cause an electrostatic breakdown and ignite the mixed gas in the oil tank in this way.The study provides a new idea for the risk assessment of oil tank explosion caused by static electricity.