体育的本体论困境与非理性动因——一种本质主义的反思与探究

Ontological Dilemmas and Irrational Motivations in Sport:An Essentialist Reflection and Inquiry

体育本质论领域内的本质主义派别在遭遇体育至上性消解的资本时代困境时,在体育现象层出不穷、日新月异的社会现实中,历史唯物论的体育本质观幽而不显。据此,研究对本质主义及其哲学思想前提展开剖析与批判,认为规定性思维无论怎样精致,体育作为一个“属人”的概念,其外延不断延展、内涵先后遗忘与层累是体育从人类社会演进处遗留下来的独特特质,这决定了亚里士多德与黑格尔的本质论难以揭示体育的真正出身。在资本社会的边缘处,人对资本社会权力的追求与反抗总会转捩为对感性动力正反两方面的追求,超越性地统一了资产者与无产者对至上性追求的天壤之别。受此启示,在资本的物化意识中,体育的感性动力含义便是在资本社会被忽视的、十分鲜明的、极具活力的潜在的体育本质。“意识”只有在现实生活过程中,作为存在的内在部分去领会“纯粹意识”,人对象性本质力量的主体性才得以重塑。因此,体育潜在的、独特的感性动力含义转捩为感性意识,属于资本时代体育表征人类至上性要去积极探索的哲学路径。马克思、尼采和福柯的非理性思想进一步确立起感性动力的本体论维度,由此“非理性—感性动力—感性意识”的诠释学关系成为人类应对资本时代体育至上性消解的一种重要的哲学思想前提。

When the essentialist school of thought in the field of sports essentialism encounters the dilemma of the capital era,in which the supremacy of sports is dissolving,and in which the reality of sports phenomena is changing day by day,the historical materialist view of the essence of sports is hidden but not visible.Accordingly,the article analyzes and criticizes essentialism and its philosophical premise,and argues that no matter how exquisite the prescriptive thinking is,sports,as a“human”concept,has a unique characteristic of continuous extension of its extension,and successive forgetfulness and cascading of its connotation,which determines that the Aristotelian and Hegelian essentialism can hardly reveal the true origin of sports.At the edge of the capitalist society,people’s pursuit and resistance to the power of the capitalist society will always turn into a pursuit of both positive and negative sensibility motivation,transcending the stark difference between the pursuit of supremacy by the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.Inspired by this,in the materialization consciousness of capital,the sensory and dynamic meaning of sports is a highly dynamic essence of sports.And the subjectivity of the essential power of human objectivity can be reshaped only by understanding“pure consciousness”as an inherent part of existence in the process of real life.Therefore,the potential and unique sensibility motivation of sports shifting towards sensory consciousness belongs to the philosophical path of actively exploring the supremacy of human nature in the representation of sports in the capital era.The irrational thoughts of Marx,Nietzsche,and Foucault further established the ontological dimension of sensibility motivation,and thus the hermeneutic relationship of“irrationality-sensibility motivation-sensibility consciousness”became an important philosophical premise for humanity to cope with the dissolution of the supremacy of sports in the capital era.