我国护理专业学生职业认同和专业认同的系统评价和Meta分析

Occupational and professional identity of nursing students in China:a systematic review and Meta-analysis

目的系统评价我国护生职业及专业认同水平,为护理教育实践提供参考。方法系统检索国内外相关数据库及medRxiv预印本网站,检索时间为2020年5月至2023年7月22日,双人筛选、质量评价后,通过STATA 17软件数据分析。结果纳入文献24篇,共14790名护生。我国护生职业认同水平Meta合并标准化得分为[72.04,95%CI(68.53,75.55),P<0.001];亚组分析显示不同学习阶段、抽样方法、调查时间的护生职业认同得分存在显著差异,不同学历护生职业认同得分无显著差异;Meta回归显示样本量、抽样方法、调查时间、学历可以解释73.85%护生职业认同得分异质性。聚焦护生专业认同的研究仅4篇,合并得分为[66.05,95%CI(57.08,75.01),P<0.001]。结论我国护生职业及专业认同均呈中等水平,研究设计、调查时间、护生学历是引起职业认同得分异质性的因素。教育者可应用护理榜样案例引导护生,呼吁提高护理专业社会地位、护理职业吸引力和岗位归属感。

Objective To systematically evaluate the level of occupational and professional identity of nursing students in China in order to provide reference for nursing education practice.Methods System search of relevant domestic and foreign databases and the medRxiv preprint server were searched.The retrieval time was from May 2020 to July 22,2023.STATA 17 was used to analyze the literature after two researchcers independently screened and evaluated the literature quality.Results A total of 24 articles and 14,790 nursing students in post-epidemic China were included.The standard pooled result of occupational identity was[72.04,95%CI(68.53,75.55),P<0.001].Stages of study,sampling methods,and survey times in the occupational identity scores showed statistically significant differences.There were no significant differences in academic levels.Meta-regression showed that the sample size,sampling methods,survey time,and academic level explained 73.85%of the heterogeneity in nursing students occupational identity scores.Only four studies focused on professional identity,the pooled result was[66.05,95%CI(57.08,75.01),P<0.001].Conclusion The occupational and professional identity of nursing students in China showed moderate levels.Study design,survey time,educational level and stage of nursing students are factors of heterogeneity in professional identity scores.Educators can guide students with nursing example case.The social status,attractiveness and belonging of the nursing profession should be improved.