重估对斯宾诺莎形而上学的研究:从必然性到自由意志

Reassessing the Research on Spinoza's Metaphysics:From Necessity to Free Will

《伦理学》是斯宾诺莎后期思想成熟的代表作,构建了以实体、样态和属性为基本范畴的形而上学体系。分析现有的概念解释、因果解释、内在解释和表现主义解释四种不同的解释路径及其缺陷,理解神和样态之间的非传递关系是理解斯宾诺莎形而上学的关键。进而反思以倍尔等学者为代表的误读,应将斯宾诺莎的伦理思想置于形而上学中加以理解,从而对斯宾诺莎的必然性进行重新评估。最后,从当代人工智能研究的视角重新理解斯宾诺莎对自由、情感等重要问题的看法。通过对必然性和自由的重新解释为回答形而上学和伦理学之间的关系提供了一种新思路。

The Ethics,a masterpiece of Spinoza's late intellectual maturity,constructs a metaphysical system with substance,modes and attributes as basic categories.Analyzing the four different existing interpretative progressions of conceptual,causal,immanent and expressionist interpretations and their shortcomings,and an understanding of the non-transitive relationship between God and modes are the key to understanding Spinoza's metaphysics.Reflecting further on the misreadings represented by scholars such as Pierre Bayle,Spinoza's ethical thought should be understood within metaphysics,leading to a reassessment of his idea of necessity.Finally,we should re-understand Spinoza's views on important issues such as freedom and emotion in the light of contemporary AI research.By reinterpreting necessity and freedom,a new way of thinking is offered to answer the relationship between metaphysics and ethics.