论沈从文对列夫·托尔斯泰的接受与转化——以阅读史为考察路径

On Shen Congwen's Reception and Transformation of Lev Tolstoy:The History of Reading as a Path of Investigation

以翻译作品为接受路径,沈从文的早期文学观受到了《艺术论》的影响,沈从文的小说结构从托尔斯泰的城乡叙事模式中获得了情感、价值上的支持,沈从文将托尔斯泰的形象目标化、模范化,视为理想作家的范型,用以关切一般写作者,又将托尔斯泰的形象化用为应对外界批评/压力和坚持自我道路的精神武器,同时也“见贤思齐”,用托尔斯泰的形象砥砺自己。托尔斯泰被沈从文赞为“最可爱的”“人道主义的”“伟大文学家”,在沈从文接受对象中具有唯一性,与沈从文的情感、精神需求相呼应。理解沈从文对托尔斯泰的接受与转化,能窥见沈从文小说、思想、精神世界中晦暗不明而又真实存在的图景。

Taking translated works as his pathway of acceptance,Shen Congwen's early literary views were influenced by On Art.Shen Congwen's novel structure received emotional and value support from Tolstoy's urban-rural narrative model.Shen Congwen idealized and standardized Tolstoy's image,considering it a prototype of an ideal writer,which he used to address common authors'concerns.He also used Tolstoy's image as a spiritual weapon to deal with external criticism/pressure and to adhere to his own path.At the same time,he“sought wisdom from the wise”and used Tolstoy's image to fortify himself.Shen Congwen praised Tolstoy as the“most lovable,”“humanitarian,”and“great literary figure,”making him a unique figure among Shen Congwen's influences,resonating with Shen Congwen's emotional and spiritual needs.Understanding Shen Congwen's reception and transformation of Tolstoy reveals a dimly lit but authentically existing scene in Shen Congwen's novels,thoughts,and spiritual world.