爱资哈尔在当代埃及的政治参与及其特征和影响

Al⁃Azhar in Contemporary Egyptian Politics:Political Participation,Role and Influence

爱资哈尔在历史上长期居于埃及国家政治生活中的重要位置,构建起伊斯兰最高权威和阿拉伯民族象征的双重身份。现代以来,爱资哈尔不断增强的国家认同决定了其以配合政治权威、服务国家利益为己任,日益趋向依附国家政权,经历了从支持阿拉伯社会主义到倾向政治伊斯兰主义,再到倡导伊斯兰中间主义的思想演变,逐渐形成了以爱资哈尔长老为核心的宗教学者参政主体,以伊斯兰教义原则为参政依据,以丰富的社会资源为参政基础,以维护国家统一、社会稳定和引领社会主流价值观为参政目的的独特政治参与方式。爱资哈尔积极参政辅政,致力于社会变革与文化建设,在协调政教关系、推动埃及社会发展、凝聚国家认同、促进社会公平、引领社会舆论、塑造社会主流价值、参与国家治理等诸多方面,发挥了独特且重要的作用,产生了广泛影响。

Al⁃Azhar has been historically occupied an important position in political life of Egypt,and has constructed a dual identity of the top Islamic authority for Sunni Muslims and the symbol of the Arab nation.Since modern times,Al⁃Azhar's growing national identity determines that it takes coordinating with political authority and serving national interests as its responsibility and increasingly relies on the regime.Al⁃Azhar has experienced the ideological evolution of supporting Arab socialism,leaning toward political Islamism,and then advocating wasatiyyah al⁃Islam and gradually shaped a unique form and path of political participation with religious scholars led by the Grand Imam of Al⁃Azhar as the main body,taking the Islamic principles as the basis,and rich social resources as the foundation for participating in politics,in order to maintain national unity,social stability and lead mainstream social values.Al⁃Azhar actively participates in politics and is committed to social reform and cultural construction.It plays a unique and important role in coordinating political and religious relations,gathering national identity,promoting Egyptian social equity and development,leading public opinion,shaping mainstream social values,participating in national governance and other aspects,and has had a wide range of influence.