环境法法典化视野下的环境犯罪法益识别

Identification of Legal Interests in Environmental Crimes from the Perspective of Environmental Law Codification

环境法的法典化具有必要性。受制于现有的立法结构,环境法的法典化形式不具有完整性,特别是在环境犯罪的规制层面。如果在环境法典中设置环境犯罪保护法益的一般性规定,就不应当脱离于环境犯罪的具体构成要件。在具体识别环境犯罪的保护法益时,不应把超越实定法的应然法益类型或体系作为环境犯罪的保护法益,而应当根据实定法的规范目的确定保护法益。具体而言,立法者通过刑事立法在环境犯罪的规制中设置了何种保护法益,就只能描述和析取出这种法益,并在此基础上概括出环境犯罪的一般性保护法益。

The codification of environmental law is necessary.However,constrained by existing legislative structures,the codification of environmental law lacks completeness,especially in the regulation of environmental crimes.If general provisions for the protection of legal interests in environmental crimes are set up in the environmental code,they should not be deviated from the specific elements constituting environmental crimes.When specifically identifying the legal interests to be protected in environmental crimes,the type or system of legal interests that should exceed the statutory law should not be regarded as the legal interests to be protected in environmental crimes.Instead,protective interests should be determined based on the normative purpose of the positive law.Specifically,the protective legal interest that legislators have created in the regulation of environmental crime through criminal legislation can only be described and analyzed,and on that basis the general protective legal interest in environmental crime can be generalized.